1. International Telecommunication Union EMF ASSESSMENT BY MESEAREMENTS AND CALCULATION (IVORIAN CASE) Guy-Michel KOUAKOU, Vice-chair of study group 5 (ITU-T) Deputy-Director of Quality (ATCI) ITU-T Workshop on Delivering Good Quality Telecommunication Service in a Safe Environment in Africa (Nairobi, Kenya, 26 July – 27 July 2010 ) Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

2. International Telecommunication Union 2 PLAN National context EMF assessment Flowchart for measurement procedure Measuring equipment Post-processing analysis Some statistics Conclusion Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

3. International Telecommunication Union 3 NATIONAL CONTEXT (1/2) public concern about the likely effects of electromagnetic fields on health. Many people are against the deployment of base stations in their neighbourhoods. No legal protection framework in place for EMF related health issues. Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

4. International Telecommunication Union 4 NATIONAL CONTEXT (2/2) the ATCI which assists the state regarding the protection of property and persons has adopted international standards such as: ITU-T recommendations for compliance and estimation of EMF (K.52, K.70) ICNIRP (International Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection) recommendation for exposure limits CEPT recommendation for measurement procedures (ECC(02) 04 revised) Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

5. International Telecommunication Union 5 EMF ASSESSMENT (1/2) Measurements campaign was achieved in Abidjan and carried out in the frequency band from 10 KHz to 6 GHz First step: 105 locations were identified and made a general field assessment Second step: The whole procedure was executed in the 43 points with the highest level (decision level of 0,3 V/m). Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

6. International Telecommunication Union 6 EMF ASSESSMENT (2/2) In situ measurement duration: almost 3 hours per location (1 month for all locations) some words about measurement protocol: Based on three cases; Case 1 for quick overview to find the point where the field is higher (1.1, 1.5, 1.7) Cases 2 & 3 for detailed investigation which allow to scan variable frequency band to deal with specific services Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

7. International Telecommunication Union 7 FLOW CHART Exigences de protection de la santé respectée Exigences de protection non respectée Résultats> limites CIPRNI Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

8. International Telecommunication Union 8 MEASURING EQUIPMENTS For case 1: RF radiation meters with isotropic field probes and a dosimeter ANTENNESA EME SPY 120 (88Mhz - 3Ghz) Cases 2 & 3: Spectrum Analyser x y z Champ EM émis par plusieurs services (TV, FM, GSM …) Sonde tri axe Boîtier de commutation Analyseur de spectre Anritsu MS2721B y z x Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010 Campmetre large bande Sonde isotropique

9. International Telecommunication Union 9 POST-PROCESSING (1/2) Measurement uncertainty estimation according to IEC guide: Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010 Source d'erreur Valeur d'incertitude (%) Distribution de probabilité DiviseurCi Incertitude standard (%) Appareillage de mesure Isotropie 21,62%Normale2 1 0,85 Linéarité 12,20%Rectangulaire1,73 1 0,58 Platitude en fréquence Normale 1 Température Normale 1 câble 2,33%Normale2 1 0,10 Facteur d'antenne 18,85%Normale2 1 0,75 Incertitude standard combinée 15,88% Incertitude étendue (intervalle de confiance de 95%) 31,76%Normale ue = 2* uc Uncertainty table for case 2 and 3 (for f<3GHz)

10. International Telecommunication Union 10 POST-PROCESSING (2/2) Measurements in GSM were done only for the permanent control channel (BCCH). Results have been extrapolated taking into account the case where the trafic is maximum. This extrapolation to the maximum traffic is calculated by the following formula E max = E Control Channel x sqrt (n Transmitters) n=3 in GSM 900 and n=4 in GSM 1800. These values represent the number of Transmitters generally used in rural areas Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

11. International Telecommunication Union 11 RESULT Every measurement was found to have been in compliance with ICNIRP limits. Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

12. International Telecommunication Union 12 SOME STATISTICS (1/3) Average field level per service The average field level per service was low (under 0,3 V/m) except for GSM service where the average levels were 1.933 V/m for GSM 900 and 1.608 V/m for GSM 1800 Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

13. International Telecommunication Union 13 Ratio between average value and ICNIRP limits SOME STATISTICS (2/3) According to ICNIRP limits. GSM 900 represent 4.81% GSM 1800 represent 2.83% Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

14. International Telecommunication Union 14 SOME STATISTICS (3/3) Field level distribution per service For GSM 900 : 93,02 % of field levels was less than 10% of limits value (4,18 V/m) ; For GSM 1800 : 97,67 % of EM field was less than 10% of limits value (5.68 V/m); Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010

15. International Telecommunication Union Nairobi, Kenya, 28-29 Juillet 2010 15 CONCLUSION ATCI will work with GSM operators to reduce the level of exposure (mitigation techniques proposed by recommendation ITU-T K.70). Use of EMF estimator to assess the compliance of base stations before their installation. Ongoing works : Assessment of base stations compliance by measurements in each sensitive location; Approval of a gentlemen agreement between operators, population and local authorities for base stations deployment; Data base link to an automatic system for spectrum management.