1. The Nation Breaking Apart
Tensions Rise Between North and South
Chapter

2. North & South Follow Different Paths
Key?- How did the economies of the North and South differ?
Economies developed differently in North and South.
North – small farms, industry,commerce.
South – large plantations, slave labor.
Economic differences led to political differences.

3. Industry & Immigration in the North
Growing industries attracted many immigrants to Northern cities.
Easterners & Immigrants were moving west.
Abolitionists – slavery immoral.
Northern workers believed slaves a threat to their job security.

4. Agriculture & Slavery in the South
Southern economy mostly agricultural.
Wealthy planters dominated politics and society.
Exports of “cash crops” especially cotton.
Invested in land and slaves.
Most whites poor farmers who resented but tolerated the rich farmers.
Social superiority over the blacks.

5. Slavery & Territorial Expansion
Key?- How did the territorial expansion inflame sectional conflicts?
Wilmot Proviso – outlawed slavery in territories acquired from Mexican War.
Didn’t pass, but created the Free-Soil Party.(stopping slavery)
Made slavery a key issue in politics.
Free-Soil Party won 10 seats in 1848

6. The Compromise of 1850
Debate about new territories upsetting the balance of free and slave states.
California – gold attracted settlers; enough to apply for free state status.
Senator Henry Clay drafted a plan to settle the problem; The Compromise of 1850.

7. The Compromise of 1850 California would be admitted as a free state.
Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery for new territories.
Congress would pass a stronger law to help slaveholders.
Senator Stephen Douglas succeeded into law despite much sectional bickering.
The Fugitive Slave Act – Northerners required to help recapture runaway slaves.

8. The Crisis Deepens
Key? – How did the Fugitive Slave Act deepen the crisis?
Many Northerners defied the Fugitive Slave Act.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) – Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Written from the viewpoint of a slave.
Very popular in the North and heightened tensions with the South.

9. Violence Erupts Key?- Why did violence erupt in Kansas and Congress?
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Divided the Nebraska Territory into two parts.
Popular sovereignty – residents would decide an issue.
Led to violence –Bleeding Kansas- people from Missouri voted illegally in Kansas.
John Brown – extreme abolitionist, led the Potawatomie Massacre.
Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner unconscious with a cane in the Senate.

10. Essential Questions
How did the economies of the North and South differ?
How did territorial expansion inflame sectional conflict?
How did the Fugitive Slave Act deepen the crisis?
Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?

11. Websites www.classzone.com