1. Gaining from Migration Proposals for a New Mobility Management System 29 March 2007

2. Better understand the new mobility system Identify policies to improve mobility management and enable integration Expand options for engaging sending countries Build a shared vision Objectives of the Gaining from Migration Project

3. Gaining from Migration: Key Outputs –Migration, employment, growth –Challenges for integration –Diaspora networks –Migration and development Evaluative reviews: what do we know about… Policy Briefs: synthesising policy lessons regarding… Final Report (proposals for managing a new mobility system)

4. Inputs into the Policy Process June 05 Start Sept 07 Final Event? July 07 Global Forum on Migration and Development April 07 Euro-Mediterranean Conference May 07 World Bank Conference March 07 Haut Conseil de Coopération Internationale Jan 06: 1 st Experts’ Meeting Jul 06: 2 nd Experts’ Meeting Mar 07: 3 rd Experts’ Meeting

5. Gaining from Migration: Steering Committee EU Xavier Prats Monné, Director, DG Employment, EC (Antonis Kastrissianakis, former Director, DG Employment, EC) Costantinos Fotakis, DG Employment, EC (Germana Ricciardi, DG Employment, EC) OECD Louka T. Katseli, Director, Development Centre John Martin, Director, Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs

6. Gaining from Migration: Core Project Team Louka T. Katseli (OECD Development Centre), Scientific Director Demetris Papademetriou (President, Migration Policy Institute) Jeff Dayton-Johnson (OECD Development Centre) Gregory Maniatis (Senior European Fellow, Migration Policy Institute) Rainer Münz (Head Research & Development, Erste Bank) Theodora Xenogiani (OECD Development Centre)

7. Advisory Board Global Commission on International Migration (R.K. Singh, R. Süssmuth) International and Multilateral Organisations and Bodies: International Labour Organisation; European Parliament; The World Bank; International Organisation for Migration Public Sector: Agence Française de Développement; High Commissioner for Immigration and Ethnic Minorities, Portugal; Hellenic Migration Policy Institute Civil society, the Private Sector: AXA France; Chamber of Commerce and Industry, India; Immigrant Council of Ireland Universities: Universidad Complutense, Spain; University College of Cork, Ireland

8. Jobs and Confidence Jobs: Migrants, their home countries, and EU countries all benefit if migrants and native workers are employed in jobs suited to their skills Confidence: In rebuilding the mobility system, Member States must also rebuild public confidence in international migration – and the emerging mobility system

9. Topics for the Experts’ Meeting New Migration Thinking for a New Century Labour-Market and Visa Policies for an Age of Mobility Enabling Integration Partnerships for Mobility Management and Development Encouraging Diaspora Networks

10. Three migration policy regimes in Europe: – Historical and language ties e.g. France, Benelux,Morocco, Algeria, Spain, UK,India, Pakistan, Portugal, IrelandTurkey –Geographic proximity: e.g. Italy, Greece,Albania, Turkey, Germany, AustriaSerb-Mont, Morocco –Humanitarian considerations : e.g. Denmark, Finland,Iraq, Serb-Mont, B-H, SwedenIran One Europe? Geography, history and politics matter

11. Migration Flows in Europe Source: Muenz, Straubhaar, Vadean and Vadean (2006)

12. Share of people born in a country outside EU-27, 2005 Source: European LFS, Eurostat

13. Where do EU-15 migrants come from? Latin America, 4.4% of which Ecuador: 0.7% Colombia: 0.7% Suriname: 0.6% Brazil: 0.6% Argentina: 0.5% Jamaica: 0.4% Venezuela: 0.4% Peru: 0.3% Chile: 0.2% EU 15 Countries Africa, 13.6% of which Morocco: 4.5% Nigeria: 0.4% Algeria: 3.9% Senegal: 0.4% Tunisia: 1.3%Somalia: 0.3% Angola: 0.6% Ghana: 0.3% South Africa: 0.6% Dem. Republic of Kenya: 0.4% Congo: 0.3% Egypt: 0.4% Mozambique: 0.2% Wider Europe 16.4%, of which Turkey: 5.8%Croatia: 1.0% Serbia-Montenegro: 2.2%Russia: 0.7% Albania: 1.7%Bulgaria: 0.3% Romania: 1.6%Lithuania: 0.3% Ukraine: 1.4%Belarus: 0.3% Bi-H: 1.1% Asia, 7.0%, of which India: 1.8% Pakistan: 1.2% Vietnam: 0.8% China: 0.7% Indonesia: 0.6% Bangladesh: 0.5% Philippines: 0.5% Sri Lanka: 0.4% Hong Kong, China: 0.3% Japan: 0.2% Middle East, 1.5% of which Iran: 0.7% Iraq: 0.5% Lebanon: 0.3% Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

14. Recent changes in sending and receiving countries Sharp increase of immigration in Spain, Italy and the UK New sending countries emerge: Ukraine China Russian Federation Countries in Latin American

15. Europe attracts fewer highly educated migrants Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

16. Less-educated migrants don’t come from the poorest countries Source: Data from OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004; WDI; authors’ analysis.

17. Percent of Tertiary Educated Population in OECD Countries Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

18. Highly-Educated Migrants from Eastern and Central Europe Red: N America; Green: EU 15; Blue: other Europe; Yellow: Other

19. Estimates of the Irregular Migrant Stock thousands% of pop.Year (years since regularisation) Japan2100.22005 United States10 3003.62004 (18) Netherlands125-2300.8-1.42004 Spain*6901.62005 (4) Italy7001.22002 (4) Greece*3703.42001 (3) Portugal1851.82001 (6) Source: OECD 2005. * = Subsequent regularisations not accounted for in these estimates.

20. Major developing country diasporas in the EU Foreign-born or foreign (*) populations Source: OECD International Migration Outlook 2006.

21. Reported Remittances Sent per Migrant (2000) Source: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UN Trends in Migrant Stock.

22. New Thinking: Benefits for All Goals of key stakeholders not necessarily at odds Gradual “devolution” of immigrant selection to employers, traffickers and migrants From “devolved selection” to an orderly, smart, flexibly regulated flow of legal migrants

23. What’s Old, What’s New, and Where We Need to Go Dysfunctional dichotomies: Permanent vs. temporary migrants Economic vs. family-based migrants High vs. low skilled migrants Sending vs. receiving countries

24. Old and New Ways of Thinking and Acting on Migration THE OLD Wary of “temporary” mobility Protects domestic labour markets Ignores migrants’ human capital Extends full benefits of social welfare THE NEW Recruits workers that fill real needs Provides early access to work Reforms educational and training systems Experiments with new forms of social benefits

25. The Age of Mobility New tools (communication, monitoring, enforcement, reform) New relationships between public and non-governmental sectors New mechanisms for coherent policy making -- within and between Member States

26. Prerequisites for the New Mobility System Recapturing control of public perception of the migration system Addressing the admission/integration nexus The levels of governance issue: who should do what? Build effective partnerships with sending countries and diaspora networks

27. (1) Labour Market and Visa Policies for an Age of Mobility 1.Develop an Integrated Migration Monitoring System 2.Facilitate temporary and circular migration (e.g. multi-year visas) 3.Enable effective free movement within the European Union 4.Create opportunities for permanent residence and citizenship 5.Rethink Mode 4 to “organise the market”

28. (2) Enabling Integration 1.Provide fair, equal and early access to labour markets 2.Support education, language and adult learning 3.Explore innovative models of citizenship, civic participation and EU multicultural citizenship

29. (3) Partnerships for Mobility Management and Development 1.Look at migration policies through a development lens 2.Integrate international migration into development strategies 3.Overhaul the organisation of migration management 4.Make policies more coherent for more effective management

30. (4) Encouraging Diaspora Networks 1.Provide substantial funding to support migrant organisations and networks 2.Incorporate migrant organisations into the policy making process 3.Deepen co-development initiatives that work with migrant organisations to implement development co-operation policy

31. For more info: www.oecd.org/dev/migration

32. Thank you for your attention! Merci de votre attention ! Bedankt !