1. Chapter 2 Crime and Criminals Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

2. Type of Weapons Used by Offenders in Violent Victimizations
Figure 2.1
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Type of Weapons Used by Offenders in Violent Victimizations
Rape, robbery, and/or assault
Firearms 9.3%
No weapon 67.2%
Other Object 8.6%
Unknown if weapon present 8.9%
Weapon type unknown .6%
Knife 5.2%
Source: Adapted from Sourcebook of Criminal Statistics, 1997, p Data from U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization in the United States 1995, NCJ (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).

3. National Crime Victimization Survey
Figure 2.2a
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National Crime Victimization Survey
*Includes 357,000 “personal crimes” of purse snatching and pocket picking.
Number of Offenses
20,106,000
7,359,000
4,635,000
1,433,000
944,000
311,000
Theft*
Assault
Burglary
Motor vehicle theft
Robbery
Rape/ Sexual assault
Total = 35,145,000
Source: National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminal Victimization, Adapted from U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1998), p. 3.

4. Murder/ Nonnegligent manslaughter
Figure 2.2b
C2-S3
Uniform Crime Reports
Number of Offenses
Murder/ Nonnegligent manslaughter
Total = 13,175,070
7,725,470
2,461,120
1,353,707
1,022,492
497,950
96,122
Larceny/ Theft
Burglary
Motor vehicle theft
Robbery
Forcible rape
Aggravated assault
18,209
Source: Uniform Crime Reports: Total Number of Index Offenses, Adapted from U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998), p. 67.

5. Criminal Homicides Murder
Table 2.2
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Criminal Homicides
Murder
First degree (1): Premeditated, deliberate, malicious (2), intentional killing of another human being.
Second degree: Malicious (2), intentional (3) killing of another human being.
Felony murder Causing the death of another human being while committing a felony dangerous to life (4).
Manslaughter
Voluntary: Intentional killing of another human being in the heat of passion.
Involuntary: Reckless (5) killing of another human being.
Negligent homicide Negligent (6) killing of another human being.
(1) In some states first degree is restricted to, for example, killing a law enforcement officer.
(2) Technically referred to as “malice aforethought.”
(3) Or with total disregard of human life.
(4) Felonies dangerous to life include burglary, robbery, arson, kidnapping, escape, and sexual assault.
(5) Serious, conscious risk-taking.
(6) Less serious and usually unconscious risk-taking.

6. Figure 2.3
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Uniform Crime Reports: Rate of All Index Crimes per 100,000 Population,
Rate
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1960
1965
1970
1975
1985
1990
1980
1995
1997
Year
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 1975; 1991; 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976; 1992; 1998), pp. 49; 58; 66.

7. Total Estimated Arrests, 1997
Figure 2.4a
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Total Estimated Arrests, 1997
Part I Offenses
Violent crime
Murder and manslaughter
Forcible rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Property crime
Burglary
Larceny-theft
Motor vehicle theft
Arson
27%
73%
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998), p.222.

8. Total Estimated Arrests, 1997
Figure 2.4b
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Total Estimated Arrests, 1997
Part II Offenses
Other assaults 11%
Other offenses 41%
Stolen property
Vandalism
Weapons
Crimes v. family
Suspicion
Curfew
Runaways
Other (except traffic)
Forgery, counterfeiting, fraud, embezzlement 4%
Sex, drugs, gambling,
common vice 14%
Alcohol-related offenses 23%
Disorderly conduct, vagrancy 7%
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998), p.222.

9. Income Disparities among American Households, 1995
Table 2.4
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Income Disparities among American Households, 1995
Under $25,000 $75,000 Median
$10,000 to $34,999 and over Income
All households 12.3% 14.2% 14.8% $34,076
White households ,766
Black households ,393
Hispanic households ,860
“All households” includes other races not shown separately. Hispanic persons may be of any race. Figures in constant (1995) dollars; amounts by race and Hispanic origin of householder.
Source: Statistical Abstracts of the United States, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (1997)., p. 465.

10. The ADAM Program: 1997 Adult Program Findings
Figure 2.5a
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The ADAM Program: 1997 Adult Program Findings
Percent Positive %
71.6
73.7
51.2
60.9
36.1
27.7
1.5
3.1
0.6
0.7
18.5
19.4
Total Males (N)
Total Females (N)
Any drug
Cocaine
Marijuana
Opiates
Methamphetamine
Multiple drug
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program
1997 Annual Report
Percent Positive for Drugs by Gender
Source: Adapted from 1997 Annual Report, ADAM (Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program), National Institute of Justice, July 1998.

11. The ADAM Program: 1997 Adult Program Findings
Figure 2.5b
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The ADAM Program: 1997 Adult Program Findings
Atlanta
Georgia
Percent Positive for Drugs, by Offense Category
N by Gender % by Gender
Offense M F M F
Violent Offense
Robbery
Assault
Weapons
Other violent
Property Offense Larceny/theft
Burglary
Stolen vehicle
Other property
Drug Offense
Drug sales
Drug possession
Prostitution
Other Offense
Total
M F M F
Source: Adapted from 1997 Annual Report, ADAM (Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program), National Institute of Justice, July 1998.