1. CE 515 Railroad Engineering Rolling Stock: Locomotive Source: Armstrong Ch 4 AREMA Ch. 2.6 “Transportation exists to conquer space and time -”

2. What is a Locomotive? A Vehicle which Provides the Motive Power to the Train Almost All Trains Use One or More

3. Types of Locomotives Steam Diesel-Electric Electric Hybrid This Discussion will Focus on Diesel-Electric http://www.brookvilleequipment.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=80

4. Tractive Effort The ability to Overcome Resistance – Starting – Grade – Wind – Curve – Rolling Is Discussed Further in REES #3

6. Tractive Effort

7. Adhesion Control Grip Rail without Slipping Dependant on weather, rail conditions Controlled automatically in modern locomotive Sanding http://science.howstuffworks.com/diesel-locomotive3.htm

8. Power to Pull Train Not all Engine Power Pulls Train Powering Auxiliary Devices, Efficiency Losses, Pulling Locomotive Itself On Average, 82% of Power Left to Pull Train

9. Locomotives Today Used Today on Class I – Endcab Switcher (5%) – Four-Axle Road Switcher (20%) – Six Axle Medium Horsepower Road Switcher (15%) – High Horsepower Six- Axle Road Switcher (55%)

10. Prime Mover (Engine) V-8 to V-20 Diesel Engine Idle at 300 rpm, Full Power 900-1050 rpm Alternator Converts into Electrical Energy for Traction – AC produced, converted to DC (and converted back for AC) http://www.vistacorpofva.com/images/engine1.jpg

11. What Locomotive Carries Engine Cooling Water: 325 gallons Engine Lube Oil: 450 gallons Diesel Fuel: 5000 gallons Sand: 1.5 tons

12. Traction Power System DC is used for 80% of Fleet What Actually Drives the Wheels Since 1990’s AC is Gaining Ground AC Offers Greater Power – However, Most Have Gone Back to Regular Power – Used Mainly in Heavy Haul

13. Emissions 1998-EPA Issues Final Emission Standards – Applies to Newly Manufactured and Remanufactured Locomotives After January 1, 1973 Tier Based on Manufacture Date Plus Tiers for Remanufacture http://www.epa.gov/oms/regs/nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf

14. Locomotive Controls Minimum Levers, but Connected to Circuitry “Microprocessor” Control Display Screens Interfaces with Primary Operator

15. Four vs. Six Axles Why Have 6 Axles when 4 can Haul More Tonnage? – Adhesion at Higher Speeds and Grades – Starting up?

16. Maintenance and Life Span Most New Locomotives can Self-Diagnose Problems Different Inspections Mandatory at Daily, 92- days, Annual, and Biennial Periods Remote Diagnostics Average Locomotive Service is 20-25 Years Used to be Returned to Manufacturer, but Now Sold to Smaller Railroads

17. Videos / Websites How Diesel-Electric Locomotive Works: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8MxASJoC4M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8MxASJoC4M Modern Marvels: Freight Trains (go to 5:00 for Sand Operations) (Evan Vencil): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6ozfxDeXII&feature=rela ted http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6ozfxDeXII&feature=rela ted http://science.howstuffworks.com/diesel-locomotive3.htm (Nicole Oneyear) http://science.howstuffworks.com/diesel-locomotive3.htm http://www.thedieselshop.us/DS.html (Ben Hucker) http://www.thedieselshop.us/DS.html http://www.nrm.org.uk/OurCollection/LocomotivesAndRollin gStock.aspx?ipp=12&cat=All&comp=All (Na Ning) http://www.nrm.org.uk/OurCollection/LocomotivesAndRollin gStock.aspx?ipp=12&cat=All&comp=All