1. A Practical Guide to Red Hat ® Linux ®, Third Edition. © 2007 Mark G. Sobell, Prentice Hall, 0-13-228027-2

12. Running a program in the Background When you run a command in the foreground, the shell waits for it to finish before giving you another prompt and allowing you to continue. When you run a command in the background, you do not have to wait for the command to finish before you start running another command.

13. To run a command in the background, type and ampersand (&) just before the return. The shell assigns a job number and a pid

14. Suspend a foreground job (control-z) fg – to bring a job to the foreground to receive input kill to abort a job in the background

15. Permissions -rwx------ indicates a file that has read, write, and execute permissions for the owner only. -r-xr-xr-x indicates a file that has read and execute permissions for the owner, group, or anyone else. drwxr-x--x indicates a directory that allows read, write, and execute permission for the owner, read and execute for the group, and execute only for everyone else.

16. A Practical Guide to Red Hat ® Linux ®, Third Edition. © 2007 Mark G. Sobell, Prentice Hall, 0-13-228027-2