1. Shape Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Shapes and Forms
Shape is 2-dimensional having length and width with mass defined by contour.

2. Types of Shapes
Geometric shapes-precise shapes that can be described using mathematical formulas- circle, square, triangle, rectangle, etc.

3. Geometric shapes

4. Organic shapes Organic or Natural- irregular and uneven, Free-form (amoeba-like) with contour or outline edges

5. What kind of shapes do you see in this painting?
John Biggers Starry Crown 1987

6. Form
Form is 3-dimensional having length, width and depth with mass giving the illusion of solidity.
Geometric forms- sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, cylinder
Chinese pair of vases

7. 2-dimensional to 3-dimensions by adding value

8. Where is the positive space?
Where is the negative space?
Ashevak Adla Walking Bear

9. Tony Smith Grasshopper 1971

10. Lesson 2 Space
Space is the area in which an artist works.
It may be the air in which he makes a sculpture or the paper or canvas which he works.
Space is the element of art that refers to the emptiness or area between, around above, below, or within objects.

11. Positive Space (figure) and Negative Space (ground)
Jasper Johns Cups 4 Picasso 1972

12. The Picture plane is the surface of the painting or drawing
Foreground-the part of the picture plane that appears nearest to you
Background-the part of the picture plane that appears the farthest from you
Middle ground- the part between the foreground and the background

13. Identify Foreground, Middle ground and background.
Christina’s world by Andrew Wyeth

14. Space in Three-Dimensional Art
Architecture
Sculpture
Weaving
Ceramics
Jewelry
Reims Cathedral France 1225

15. Free-standing (surrounded by negative space) sculpture is meant to be viewed from more than one viewpoint.
Church Quinua Peru 1958

16. Relief sculpture is not intended to be freestanding
Relief sculpture is not intended to be freestanding. It projects out from a flat surface into negative space. When the positive areas project slightly from the flat surface, it is called bas or low relief.
When the positive areas project farther,
the work is called high relief.
King Tut Egypt 18th Dynasty

17. Lesson 3 How we Perceive Shape, Form and Space
The eyes and brain work together to perceive 3 dimensions- height, width and depth
Each eye sees an object from a slightly different angle.
The brain merges the views to create a 3-D image.

18. Point of View
Is the angle from which the viewer sees an object.

19. Lesson 4 How Artists Create Shapes and Forms in Space
Shapes and forms can be classified as natural or manufactured.
Animals, stones, plants are natural forms
Forms created by humans are manufactured

20. Grandma Moses Sugaring Off 1955 Folk Artist

21. The Illusion of Form-giving the impression of depth and solidity
By changes in value (light and dark)
By the arrangement of light and shadow-chiaroscuro-bright and dark
By highlights-small areas of white used to show the very brightest spots

22. Helen Frankenthaler The Bay 1963
Artemisia Gentileschi Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes 1625

23. Ralph Goings Diner with Red Door 1979

24. The Illusion of Depth
Panini Interior of Saint Peter’s Rome

25. The Picture Plane
Background
Middle ground
Foreground

26. Perspective
A graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a 2-dimensional surface

27. 5 ways to show space or depth on a 2-dimensional format
Positive space-the defined object or objects
Negative space-the area surrounding the defined object
Perspective-method of drawing an object on a picture plane that produces the same impression of position, magnitude and distance as seen from some point.
Atmospheric space- created by the illusion of depth size, color, and placement of objects.

28. Overlapping
to show which object is closer and which is farthest away

29. Size
Larger objects appear to be closer

30. Placement
Object closer to the top (background) of the picture plane appear farther away
Objects closer to the bottom or foreground appear closer

31. Detail
The more details on an object makes it appear closer to the viewer.

32. Color Warmer colors appear to advance.
Cooler colors appear to recede into the distance.

33. Converging Lines
Linear perspective is one way of using lines to show distance and depth.

34. Linear Perspective
One-point
Two-point

35. Atmospheric Space

36. What Different Shapes, Forms, and Spaces Express
Lesson 5
What Different Shapes, Forms, and Spaces Express

37. Outline and Surface Smooth forms are comfortable and invite touching
Angular shapes remind us of sharp, jagged objects.
Haniwa Horse Japan
David Smith The Royal Bird

38. Density Mass of an object referring to how compact it is.
Solid and heavy
Unyielding,
resist impact
Constantin Brancusi Bird in Space 1928

39. Openness
Appears inviting
Invite your eyes to wander through the work

40. Closed
Look solid
uninviting
Aztec 1550’s

41. Active shapes and forms:
defy gravity
slant diagonally

42. Static shapes and forms are:
motionless, stable
usually horizontal
quiet, calm, peacefulness

43. Anna Hyatt Huntington Riders to the Sea 1912

44. Shape Holograms Forms Geometric shapes Chiaroscuro Highlights
Word bank-write these words down.
Shape
Holograms
Forms
Geometric shapes
Chiaroscuro
Highlights
Perspective
Point of view
Free-form shapes
Space

45. Number your paper 1-10
Select the term that matches the description.
Precise shapes created by mathematical formulas.
2. The arrangement of light and shadow.
3. The painter handled the _______ between the swirling masses in his work.

46. 4. The painter used _____ to show the brightest areas.
5. A 2-D area defined by an outline.
6. Irregular and uneven shapes with curved or angular outlines.
7. Technique to show the illusion of depth and volume.

47. Laser beam generated 3-D image.
Sculptures having length, width and depth.
10. Observing a scene from an unusual location.

48. Answers
Geometric shapes
Chiaroscuro
Space
Highlights
Shape
Free-form shapes
Perspective
Holograms
Forms
Point of view

49. Discussion questions
What is an example of a free-form?
What surrounds a 3-D sculpture?
What is your point of view?
What is the part of the picture plane that is nearest to the viewer?
What is the term for the place where lines appear to meet on the horizon?
What makes a brightly colored object appear closer to you?

50. What is the difference between shape and form?
Shape is 2-D and from is 3-D
2. What is the difference between positive space and negative space?
Positive space is the shape or form and negative space is the area around and between and inside.
3. What is the difference between low-relief and high-relief sculpture?
Low relief projects slightly and high relief projects farther out.

51. 4. What enables us to see objects in 3 dimensions?
The brain merges two separate and slightly different views of an object perceived by the eyes into one 3-D image.
What are 2 examples of natural and manufactured forms?
Natural forms include animals and plants:
Manufactured forms include man-made objects
6. How do artists indicate the amount of light an object receives?
The lightest values show areas that receive the most light and darkest values to show areas that receive the least light.