1. Melodic Similarity CS 275B/Music 254

2. "Natural history" of similarity  Concept of similarity fundamental to organization of most art music  Types of similarity widely variant  Roles of similarity widely variant  Similarity in art music is intentional 2 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

3. Accidental matches  Target:  Some hits:  Bach WTC  Bizet: Carmen  Saint-Saens: Carnival (via Offenbach)  Mozart: Symphony No. 41, IV 3 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

4. Melodic “Invisibility” Factors  Elaboration of something simple  Compound melodies (monophonic)  Psycho-acoustic tricks (polyphonic)  Rotating melodies  Ambiguous foreground/background  Metrical ambiguity 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 4

5. Elaboration Bach, Art of Fugue (after Wiering et al.) 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 5

6. Classic features of melody  Eerola et al, MP (2001): Statistical vs perceptual melodic similarity  Material used: Finnish folk songs  Frequency distributions (music)  Tones  Intervals  Durations  Two-tone transitions  Frequency distributions (listeners)  Tessitura  Mean pitch  Rhythmic activity  Rhythmic variability  Melodic predictability 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field6

7. Recency, Latency  Baroni et al.  (linguistics based; 1984 et al.)  Melodic kernel  Tessitura  Start and end points, by phrase 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field7

8. Muellensiefen: Algorithmic vs Human Judgment 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field8 Repertory: popular Data: MIDI Processes include: contour generalization aliasing fuzzification Works by Passion Fruit Features: intervals contour rhythm harmony recurrent motifs

9. Perceptual tricks  Compound melody  Distributed melody 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 9 One voice that we hear as two Two voices that we hear as one

10. Rotating melodies Haydn: “Archduke” String Quartet B, T, B, T; A, S 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 10

11. Perceptual tricks: Ambiguous foreground/background Schubert 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 11

12. Perceptual tricks: Metrical ambiguity Brahms Ratner 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 12

13. A similarity study: Ballo di Mantova 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 13

14. Ballo di Mantova 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 14

15. Websites for literature on similarity  www.ismir.netProceedings for individuals years can be downloaded www.ismir.net 2013 Eleanor Selfridge-Field 15