1. GEUC 4011 VJ01 Liu Yim Fong Wong Yi Ling Wong Kin Kei Hung Man Chun

2. Primary Research Questions What are the hurdles in intercultural marriages? Do the intercultural marriages last shorter than marriages of the same culture? Why some intercultural marriages are happier than others? What are the factors for success?

3. Secondary Research Questions Did Hong Kong Government provide adequate support for intercultural families? Did Hong Kong media add pressure on them?

4. Methodology

5. Interview structured interviews for couples with different financial background Couples Structured interviews for organizations that provide support for those couples Organizations

6. Literature review

7. List of Literature review Hartley, Robyn. (1995). Families and cultural diversity in Australia. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia : Allen & Unwin in association with the Australian Institute of Family Studies. Young, Katherine P.H. and Fok, Anita Y.L.. (2005). Marriage, divorce and remarriage : professional practice in the Hong Kong cultural context. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press. Browning, Don S.. (2003). Marriage and modernization : how globalization threatens marriage and what to do about it. Grand Rapids, Mich. : William B. Eerdmans Pub.. Dugan Romano. (1997). Intercultural Marriage : Promises & Pitfalls. Intercultural Press,INC Xu, Anqi & Ye, Wenzhen. (2002). A research report of Chinese marriages. Beijing : Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she. 陳國賁。 (2008) 。《吾家吾園：中港家庭的社會學研究》。香港：中華書局 ( 香港 ) 有限公司。 盧王徐律師事務所。 (2001) 。《中港婚姻》。香港：利文出版社。 徐安琪，叶文振。 (1999) 。 。北京：中國社會科學出版社。

8. Families and cultural diversity in Australia.Hartley, Robyn

9.  discuss the relationship between families and cultural diversity  survey the characteristics of family life of different ethnicity and provides informed, comparative, research-based accounts of family values from a range of insider perspectives  Also discuss values surrounding child rearing settlement of disputes in marriage the place of older people in families interrelationship of family, work and education.

10. 中國婚姻研究報告徐安琪，叶文振

11. Focus : marriages in China Statistical researches frequency of conflicts and background of couples reasons behind the hurdles how the couples solve the conflicts Frequency of conflicts AlwaysOftenSometimesNever 2.4%13.2%36%48.3%

12. Hurdles (%) ReasonsEducation level IlliteratePrimaryJunior Secondary Senior Secondary Financial problem31.425.719.915.2 Method of teaching children 36.636.139.438.7 Housework64.152.449.148.2 Inability to produce male child 2.61.71.81.1 Extramarital affair1.01.3 0.9 Relatives’ relationship10.314.413.516.1 Imbalance of life of sex1.61.21.95.2 Bad habit in one side12.815.513.711.5 Others7.45.83.54.2

13. one partner over-functions in relation to the other responsibilities are unequally shared an accumulation of resentment and anger in the over-functioning partner

14. 中國婚姻質量研究徐安琪，叶文振

15. Focus : marital quality of couples Statistics researches - inferences of the couples’ backgrounds on the quality of their life - inequality between the husband and wife

16. ItemsPerson answerd Degree of Satisfactory (%) HighMiddleLow Marriage health Husband76.022.41.5 Wife62.931.26.0 Adapt to each other Husband75.522.02.5 Wife64.927.97.3 DependencyHusband80.817.71.5 Wife72.023.94.1 Satisfy expectation Husband49.841.29.0 Wife40.243.84.5 EqualityHusband6.089.94.0 Wife6.888.64.5 Comparison of satisfactory between couples in Hong Kong

18. Major Problems of Hong Kong Family Welfare Society Counselling Service, 2001-02(The Hong Kong Welfare Society) Nature of problemsNo. of casesPercentage Martial1,55927.9 Emotional/ behavioural/ personality81714.6 Parenting90216.2 Parent-child relationship3576.4 Mental problem2925.2 Adjustment2925.2 Child abuse/ spouse abuse/ elderly abuse/ other family violence 1372.5 Interpersonal relationships1552.8 Child care arrangements1572.8 Family relationships2264.1 Other66712 Total5,57100

19. not willing to seek help with martial difficulties women  valued more understanding and concern men  valued more recognition and respect marital counseling work  to help couples to filter their negative interaction patterns  to understanding underlying needs and vulnerabilities  to facilitate acceptance of each other’s expressions of strong emotions, such as anger and depression.

21. Modernization & Globalization offer more health, education, and wealth led to freer participation by women in the wage economy- goods

22. less economic dependency of husband and wife on each other more divorce, and more non-marital births increased poverty of single mothers and the lives of their children

23. 吾家吾園：《中港家庭的社會學研究》 陳國賁

24. 11 theses from university graduates in-depth interviews to investigate the impact of social transformation on Chinese and Hong Kong families

25. How Hong Kong media describe immigrants from Mainland China Stereotypes and stigmatization Rationalize discrimination on immigrants Affect the views of public on immigrants e.g. Social Security Assistance & Domestic violence Insider Vs Outsider Social Acceptance

26. 《中港婚姻》 盧王徐律師事務所

27. Written by lawyers who always deal with marriages between Mainlander and Hong Konger Legal issue Notarizations of Individual Declarations Differences in legal systems Divorce Problems Domestic Violence In-laws Mistress in Mainland

28. Intercultural Marriage : Promises & Pitfalls Dugan Romano

29. Daring to be different Focus on the general personality types who tend to marry out of their own cultures Some of the motivations which frequently underline their marriages Food, Friends, and Other Frustrations Examines the trouble spots, the differences that become issues

30. 1.Value 2.Food and Drink 3.Sex 4.Male-Female Roles 5.Time 6.Place of Residence 7.Politics 8.Friends 9.Finances 10.In-Laws 11.Social Class 12.Religion 13.Raising Children 14.Language and Communication 15.Responding to Stress and Conflict 16.Illness and Suffering 17.Ethnocentrism 18.Coping with Death or Divorce