1. Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down

2. Thrust faults Terminology Calculating stretch and shortening Throw, heave, and slip Stratigraphy and thrust faults

3. Thrust Fault

4. Thrust Fault Terminology Original layer cake template

5. Thrust Fault Terminology Transport Direction ForelandHinterland Fault achieves trajectory rapidly

6. Fault Bend Fold Movie

7. Thrust Fault Terminology

8. Calculating Shortening for Thrust Faults lolo lflf 50 km 40 km Shortening = lo lo lo lo l f - l o * 100% If Stretch [S] = l f /l o, then shortening = lo lo lo lo lflflflf -1 * 100% ( )

9. Calculating Shortening for Thrust Faults lolo lflf 50 km 40 km Shortening = lo lo lo lo l f - l o * 100% = 40 - 50 50 * 100% = -20%

10. A Caution Regarding Shortening Choosing a minimum l o value yields maximum shortening lolo lflf 50 km 40 km Shortening = lo lo lo lo l f - l o * 100% = 40 - 50 50 * 100%= -20%

11. Shortening Calculation lolo lflf 40 km 30 km Shortening = lo lo lo lo l f - l o * 100% = 30 - 40 40 * 100% = -25% Thus “shortening” is relative to the baseline you pick Thus “shortening” is relative to the baseline you pick

12.  Throw, Heave, and Slip Throw Heave  Slip (Throw) 2 + (Heave) 2 = (Slip) 2 Sin  = (Throw/Slip) Cos  = (Heave/Slip) 

13. Increasing Stratigraphic Thickness

14. Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Boreholes

19. References Slides 3-9 http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/faults/thrust/rampflat/index.htm Slides 10-14 Twiss, R. J. and E. M. Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 532 p., 1992.