1. Nucleus Vacuoles Ribosomes Lysosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Head Office Warehouse Machines Garbage cans Assembly workers Shipping Department Generators Walls, doors, security Pillars, floor, stairs IF A CELL WERE A TOY COMPANY…

2. Different Cells The one-celled organism amoeba proteus A single-celled bacteria of the type: E. coli A human red blood cell A plant cell from the leaf of a poplar tree

3. Understand cell division in plants and animals. Be able to identify the stages of mitosis. KEY TERMS ReproductionChromosomes MitosisDivision Cell cycle InterphaseProphase MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

4. Functions of Cell Division 1. Healing and tissue repair -You replace 25 millions old cells each second. 2. Growth - An increase in the number of cells. 3. Reproduction of organisms - All organisms multiply and spread.

5. Any new cell come from existing cells by a process of reproduction. A cell’s life is a sequence of steps called the cell cycle. Cell cycle has two parts: 1. Interphase 2. Division phase

6. Interphase Rapid growth / repair – preparation for division. Chromosomes (blueprints) must be copied. Longest phase.

7. 2. Cytokinesis - divide cytoplasm and organelles. End Result: Two identical cells that will re-enter interphase begin the process again. Cell division phase - two parts to cell division. 1. Mitosis - division of chromosomes and nucleus. Both cells have complete set of blueprints. Mitosis is how we reproduce non-sex cells (body cells).

8. Interphase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Chromosomes duplicate. Chromosomes line up (equator) Duplicated chromosomes Pulled apart Parent cell Identical daughter cells cytokinesis Stages of Mitosis Telophase

9. Copying of organelles and genetic material: Leaving two complete sets of DNA. (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Chromosomes look like spaghetti.

10. Chromosomes condense becoming visible. Nuclear membrane disappears. Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles Sister Chromatids Centrioles

11. Spindle fibers grow from centrioles Attach to sister chromatids Align chromatids along the middle of the cell. Spindle fibres Sister Chromatids

12. Spindle fibers shorten and pull. Separating sister chromatids. Identical chromatids at opposite ends of cell. Sister chromatids separated

13. Cleavage of cell into two New nuclear membranes forms. Spindle fibers disappear Chromosomes uncondense (back to sphegetti).

14. Cytokinesis Animal: cell membrane pinches cell into 2. Each daughter cell has copy of DNA, nucleus, organelles and cytoplasm. Plant: Two new cells are formed as the cell wall (plate) grows down the middle of the cell. Leaving 2 identical daughter cells.

15. Click the following to proceed http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab2_mitosis/index2.html