1. Communications, networks and internet
Unit 3
Communications, networks and internet

2. Communication
This growth in communication technology has revolutionized the way that businesses work and keep in touch with staff and customers.

3. Communication Forms of communication E-Mail Social Networking
Face To Face
Talking Drums
Sign Language
Flares
Morse Code
Video Conferencing
Telephone

4. Network What is a Network?
A network is the connection of two or more electronic devices using wires or it may be wireless enabling them to share files and data
A computer not connect to a network is a stand alone.

5. Types of Computer Network
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
The INTERNET
Intranet
Extranet

6. LAN
If you are connection to a LAN you can still work outside of the LAN. You can work independently
A LAN is a connection of computers that can share resources on a network.
For a workstation to share or access the internet, it must be connected to a network.

7. WAN
Wide area network.
They are expensive and can spread round a large area.

8. Components of a WAN
Data Transmission – it’s the transmission of data from one location to another for direct use or for further processing.
Narrowband- for data transmission over a telephone line using an analogue modem that can transmit data.
Broadband – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, it is probably switched on.. No need for dial up

9. LAN’s $ WAN’s The internet is a connections of LAN’s and WAN’s.
A network of bank cash dispensers is a WAN.
A school network is usually a LAN
A WAN is made up of LAN’s

10. What is the Internet
The internet is an international network of networks that connects computers worldwide.
It consists of:
- WWW – World wide Web
- Forums where people can seek help and advice about a topic
-Research databases used by universities and large companies
- USENET : discussion groups about a specific subject from the latest boy band to favorite pets
- and Instant Messaging Systems

11. Internet to ISP
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) sells internet access to companies and individuals
It provides web servers which connects to the internet
An ISP will provide its customers with a range of services …
Bandwidth options
service
Web Hosting
Online and Telephone Assistance

12. Internet - ISP Dial up or narrow band Broadband
Is when the computer dials a phone number to connect you to your ISP using a telephone line.
Broadband
A single cable that can provide cable TV, telephone and Internet services
Available over a telephone line or cable, or mobile telephone network.

13. WWW
The World Wide Web is a multimedia service that turns on the internet.
The web consists of hypertext and hypermedia documents.
This document contains hyperlinks to other documents located on the same computer or on another computer in any part of the world.
All the information that can be accessed via the internet is often called Cyberspace

14. Uniform Resource Locators
Uniform Resource Locators are the full forms of URL
Example
TypeOfResource://HostComputer.Domain/Directors/SubDirectoty/Filenam.Extension
E.g. http: or mailto: e.g. e.g. .com e.g./students e.g. / exams e.g./timetable e.g./ doc =

15. File Names And Extension
A Graphics file timetable.doc
Microsoft Word: timetable.doc
Microsoft Excel: timetable.xls
Microsoft power Point: timetable.pptx
Microsoft Access: timetable.dbs
A text editor: timetable.txt
A Zipped File: timetable.zip

16. What Can You Do On The Internet And The Web
View Web Pages
Use A search engine to find what you want
Send And Receive
Use Online Shopping (e-commerce)
Use Online Banking (e-commerce)
Customer Support
Access Customer Support
Software Download and distribution
Access and discuss information via mailing lists, bulletin boards and news groups
Chat Online
Video Conferencing
Web Broadcasting
Set up your own website, blog or wiki

17. Online Shopping What Is Online Shopping?
Online Shopping is a form of e-commerce where the consumers directly purchase items or services from a seller over the internet without immediate service.
What Is Its Effect And Function On Society

18. Online Shopping
Advantages And Disadvantages:
Advantages: 1. you can do home/office/school/everywhere with Internet connection.. shopping 2. the shops available is worldwide and open 24hour 3. should be cheaper if not look at delivery fees 4. free parking, free of traffic jam. no need ques up at counter Disadvantages: 1. Personal privacy and security (BIGGEST!!) 2. Delivery fees... May cost more than the things you purchase.. 3. What if purchased good get is not good, return back? delivery fees again Can't inspect goods before purchase

19. Social Networking
Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision, if you will.
Social networking is based on a certain structure that allow people to both express their individuality and meet people with similar interests. This structure includes having profiles, friends, blog posts, widgets, and usually something unique to that particular social networking website

20. Pros Of Social Networking
The Pros Of Social Networking Sites
The best advantage of social networking sites is that these sites allow you to keep in touch with your friends, classmates, and relatives. It is also the most cost effective way to keep in touch with your people.
These sites allow you to send and receive messages, upload photos, and videos. As such, they are very interactive as you can get to see what your friends and relatives are up to.
With social networking sites, you are not bound by any geographical and cultural differences. You get to meet and know a variety of people whose interests are similar to your own. These sites are a window to different cultures and places.
You can build a network of contacts and interact with a lot of people at the same time. As such, you can spread your thoughts and interests to a large number of people.
The social networking sites also facilitate you to procure information on any subjects from anywhere. These sites also make it easier and faster to collect the information.
Social networking sites can also be a tool to promote your business, services, products, or websites. Due to the huge number of people who regularly use networking sites it has found huge
rs. 

21. Cons Of Social Networking
The Cons Of Social Networking Sites 
The most glaring disadvantage of social networking sites is the risk of identity theft and fraud. The personal information of users can be used by dubious people for illegal activities. Information like the address, name, location, and age can be used to commit online crimes.
Also, many people pretend to be someone else and prepare their online profiles with false information, so as to dupe unsuspecting users. So, if you do not know the person face to face then it will be very hard for you to find the real identity.
Another cause of concern is cases of online harassment and stalking. Since the social networking sites, are very poorly regulated so it can be a very fertile ground for people trying to get even with you.

22. Threats from The Internet and Security
There are many threats to safe use of the internet. These are some of the threats:
Viruses
Spam
Phishing
Bluesnarfing
Farming

23. Viruses
A virus is a software that is designed to be secretly loaded unto a computer without the users knowledge for malicious intent.
Viruses have many forms and you do not want any form of virus on your computer. Viruses are capable of:
Typing the same character no matter which key is pressed
Deleting every data on a hard disk
Crashing computers
Viruses are transmitted by downloading programs or accessing backing storage
Antivirus Software can check a computer for viruses and remove them

24. Spam
A spam is an unsolicited and is the equivalent of junk mail.
It is an inappropriate attempt to use an address or other networked communications facility as a means of broadcasting the same to a large number of people who didn’t ask for it
Spam's mostly contain pornography and viruses making the use of difficult and time consuming
Spam can be removed using a spam filter however they are not entirely accurate and can delete some of your mails while trying to delete the spam

25. Phishing
Phishing is an attempt to find out personal, usually social security number, credit card numbers, or usernames and passwords for online banks
Phishing attacks are usually made by .

26. Bluesnarfing
Bluesnarfing is the art of hacking a Bluetooth connection.
This allows access to a calendar, contact list, s and text messages, and on some phones users can copy pictures and private videos.
Currently available programs must allow connection and to be 'paired' to another phone to copy content.