1. Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table

2. Chapter 4 Recap of the Periodic Table Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 9 2

3. Three Types of Elements = Metal = Metalloid = Nonmetal

4. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 4 Metals Solids at room temperature, except Hg Shiny Conduct heat, electricity Malleable: can be shaped Ductile = drawn or pulled into wires Lose electrons and form cations (+ charge) in reactions About 75% of the elements are metals

5. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 5 Nonmetals Found in all 3 states Poor conductors of heat & electricity Solids are brittle Gain electrons in reactions to become anions (- charge) Only a few on the right of periodic table

6. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 6 Metalloids Show some properties of metals and some of nonmetals Also known as semiconductors Properties of Silicon shiny conducts electricity does not conduct heat well brittle

7. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 7 The Modern Periodic Table Elements with similar chemical and physical properties are in same column Columns are called Groups or Families –designated by a number and letter at top Rows are called Periods Each period shows the pattern of properties repeated in the next period

8. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 8 The Modern Periodic Table Main Group = Representative Elements = ‘A’ groups Transition Elements = ‘B’ groups –all metals Bottom rows = Inner Transition Elements = Rare Earth Elements –metals –really belong in Period 6 & 7

9. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 9 = Alkali Metals = Alkali Earth Metals = Noble Gases = Halogens = Lanthanides = Actinides = Transition Metals

10. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 10 Important Groups - Hydrogen nonmetal colorless, diatomic gas –very low melting point & density reacts with nonmetals to form molecular compounds –HCl is acidic gas –H 2 O is a liquid reacts with metals to form hydrides –metal hydrides react with water to form H 2 HX dissolves in water to form acids

11. 11 Important Groups – IA, Alkali Metals hydrogen usually placed here, though it doesn’t belong soft, low melting points,low density very reactive, never find uncombined in nature tend to form water soluble compounds react with water to form basic (alkaline) solutions and H 2 releasing a lot of heat lithium sodium potassium rubidium cesium

12. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 12 Important Groups – IIA, Alkali Earth Metals harder, higher melting, and denser than alkali metals reactive, but less than corresponding alkali metal form stable, insoluble oxides from which they are normally extracted oxides are basic = alkaline earth magnesium calcium beryllium strontium barium

13. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 13 Important Groups – VIIA, Halogens nonmetals F 2 & Cl 2 gases; Br 2 liquid; I 2 solid all diatomic very reactive react with metals to form ionic compounds HX all strong acids except HF bromine iodine chlorine fluorine

14. Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 4 14 Important Groups – VIIIA, Noble Gases all gases at room temperature, –very low melting and boiling points very unreactive, practically inert very hard to remove electron from or give an electron to