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Review of Important Networking Concepts
Introductory material. This module uses the example from the previous module to review important networking concepts: protocol architecture, protocol layers, encapsulation, demultiplexing, network abstractions.
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Sending a packet from Argon to Neon
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Sending a packet from Argon to Neon
is not on my local network. Therefore, I need to send the packet to my default gateway with address is on my local network. Therefore, I can send the packet directly. DNS: What is the IP address of “neon.tcpip-lab.edu”? DNS: The IP address of “neon.tcpip-lab.edu” is ARP: What is the MAC address of ? ARP: The MAC address of is 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20 ARP: What is the MAC address of ? ARP: The MAC address of is 00:20:af:03:98:28 frame frame
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
The TCP/IP protocol architecture is the protocol architecture of the Internet The TCP/IP suite has four layers: Application, Transport, Network, and Data Link Layer End systems (hosts) implement all four layers. Gateways (Routers) only have the bottom two layers.
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TCP/IP Suite and OSI Reference Model
The TCP/IP protocol stack does not define the lower layers of a complete protocol stack
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Assignment of Protocols to Layers
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Layered Communications
An entity of a particular layer can only communicate with: 1. a remote entity a the same layer using a common protocol 2. adjacent entities at the local system via service interfaces
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Layers in the Example
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Layers in the Example Send the datagram to 128.143.7.21
Send HTTP Request to neon Establish a connection to at port 80 Open TCP connection to port 80 IP datagram is a TCP segment for port 80 Send a datagram (which contains a connection request) to Send IP data-gram to Send IP datagram to Frame is an IP datagram Frame is an IP datagram Send the datagram to Send the datagram to Send Ethernet frame to 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20 Send Ethernet frame to 00:20:af:03:98:28
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing
As data is moving down the protocol stack, each protocol adds layer-specific control information
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing in our Example
Let us look in detail at the Ethernet frame between Argon and the Router, which contains the TCP connection request to Neon. This is the frame in hexadecimal notation. 00e0 f923 a820 00a e c 9d bff 808f f b b e b4
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Parsing the information in the frame
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Ethernet Header
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header
Option: maximum segment size
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header
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Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Application data
No Application Data in this frame
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Different Views of Networking
Different Layers of the protocol stack have a different view of the network. This is HTTP’s and TCP’s view of the network.
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Network View of IP Protocol
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Network View of Ethernet
Ethernet’s view of the network
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