1. Fall Protection and Ladder Safety Training
Training Equipment Needed:
Overhead projector
Flip chart with markers
Video monitor and VCR
Full body harness (5)
Lanyard
Ladder
Attachment strap
Classroom set-up: standard
Class Size: employees
Class Length: 2 hours
Your target audience will be any JE employee who works on a ladder or on elevated surfaces in excess of 2 metres.

2. Course Outline Introduction Fall Protection Ladder Safety Wrap-up
Begin by introducing yourself: - Tell the class about your experience in safety at JE - How many years you’ve worked for JE
Have the participants introduce themselves: - Where they work (what Fab or group) - How long they’ve been with JE - Experience or previous training in fall protection/ladder safety
Inform the participants that a video will be shown in both Fall Protection and Ladder Safety segments of the course. In addition, they will get a hands on exercise in Fall Arrest Systems.
Define your teaching style (if you want them to ask questions during the class or if you want them to wait until a specific point designated by you).

3. Introduction falls every year worldwide
Over 40,000 deaths and disabling injuries result from
falls every year worldwide
Falls are the number one cause of fatalities in the
construction industry accounting for approximately
33% of all fatalities
Introduction
Begin the class with some statistics:
Over 40,000 deaths and disabling injuries result from falls every year worldwide.
One death and three serious injuries occurred in 1995 at JE sites from falls.
Falls are the number one cause of fatalities in the construction industry and account for approximately 33% of all fatalities.
Share with the participants the fall incident that occurred at JE’s Penang, Malaysia facility: In August 1995, two contract employees climbed off their scaffolding and onto a duct. The duct was not designed to hold the weight and collapsed sending the employees falling. One employee landed on the scaffolding, while the other fell 7.5 metres (25 feet). He later died from the fall.
At the JE Ireland site we have had four serious fall incidents to date. These occurred in the following areas: the Scrubber Deck, the Support M.U.A. Deck, the Sub-Fab Lab Area and in the IR3 Electrical Room.

4. Introduction Course Objective
Upon completion of this training, participants will be able to properly use fall protection gear and ladders while complying with Irish legislation.
Course Objective
Introduce the Concluding Objective:
Upon completion of this training, you will be able to properly use fall protection gear and ladders to comply with OSHA Standards, Irish Legislation, and JE Guidelines.

5. Fall Protection Policy
All employees shall be protected from falls of 2 metres or more by the use of an approved fall
protection system
Railings are required at permanent elevated locations greater than or equal to 1.3 metres
JE Policy
Explain that:
All employees will be protected from falls of 2 metres or more by use of an approved fall protection system.
According to the guidelines railings are required at permanent elevated locations (which are accessed at least 12 times per year) greater than or equal to 1.3 metres.
State that JE recognizes the potential hazards of falls and therefore has instituted a fall protection/ladder safety program.
Ask: “Does anyone know where to find the Corporate Fall Protection Guideline?” Depending on your site, answer appropriately. (At JE Ireland, this is kept in the EHS department with the EHS programme owner.)
Stress that the guideline applies to all employees working on elevated surfaces or on ladders and scaffolding and its purpose is to ensure the installation and/or utilization of effective fall protection and ladder safety by all JE employees.

6. Fall Protection - Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Describe working conditions where fall protection is required
Identify the components of a personal fall arrest system
Demonstrate how to fit and remove a full body harness
Inspect personal fall arrest systems before and after use
Objectives (Fall Protection)
Introduce the course objectives: During the fall protection segment of the course, you will be able to:
Describe working conditions where fall protection is required
Identify the components of a personal fall arrest system
Demonstrate how to fit and remove a full body harness
Inspect and care for personal fall arrest systems before and after use

7. Fall Protection - Terminology
Anchorage Point
Body Harness
Competent Person
Deceleration Device
Elevated Work
Fall Prevention
Free Fall
Free Fall Distance
Guardrail System
Lanyard
Leading Edge
Lifeline
Personal Fall Arrest System
Scissor Lift
Self-retracting Lanyard
Snaphook/Carabiner
Terminology
This is some of the terminology associated with fall protection. A few of these terms will be defined during the presentation, however you will find a glossary of terms on page 32 of your Student Guide.

8. Fall Protection Fall Prevention
Proactively prevents falls from happening by using guardrails, warning lines, hole covers
Fall Protection
Stress that the first step in fall protection is fall prevention. Fall prevention can stop falls from happening all together by using guardrails, warning lines or hole coverings.
Give examples where fall prevention systems are used at JE.
Guard rails, catwalks, ladder railing

9. Fall Prevention Guardrail System: Fall Protection
Fall Prevention: Guardrail systems
Speak to the graphic illustration of the guardrail:
Guardrails are capable of withstanding 200 lbs of force along the top rail and 150 lbs of force along the mid rail and 50 lbs of force along the toeboard. Explain that this force can be in any direction (pushing, pulling or picking up the guardrail).
The dimension of a guardrail system (height = 1.2 metres). The toeboard shall be a minimum of metres (6ins) in height and shall not have less than a 6mm clearance above the walking/working surface.
If screens and mesh are used, they will extend from the top rail to the walking/working surface and along the entire opening between top rail supports.
Toprails and midrails are at least 6mm in diameter to help prevent cuts and lacerations.

10. Fall Prevention Guardrail systems in hoisting areas:
During hoisting operations, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section shall be in place
Prior to removal of the guardrail, the employee shall be protected by use of a personal fall arrest system
Fall Protection
Fall Prevention: Guardrail systems
State the facts:
Temporary fall protection devices will be used when moving guardrails. These temporary devices could be a chain, gate or removable guardrail section.
When a guardrail has been removed, the employee shall be protected by wearing a personal fall arrest/restraint system. This system shall only allow the movement of the employee to the edge of the walking/working surface.

11. Fall Protection Warning lines:
Shall be used along the leading edge side of a roof work area
Shall be erected not less than 2 metres from the roof edge for personnel, 3 metres for perpendicular use
Shall consist of ropes, wires, or chains
Fall Protection
Fall Prevention: Warning Lines
Warning lines may be used along an unprotected leading edge of a roof work area.
When mechanical equipment is not being used, the warning line shall be erected not less than 2 metres from the roof edge.
Contrast the above with the use of mechanical equipment. When mechanical equipment is used, the warning line is erected no less than 2 metres from the roof edge which is parallel to the direction of the mechanical equipment operation, and not less than 3 metres from the roof edge which is perpendicular to the direction of the mechanical equipment operation.
State that warning lines may consist of ropes, wire or chains.
Tell the class: For more information on warning lines refer to the Fall Protection/Ladder Safety Guideline.

12. Fall Protection Fall arrest:
Limits free fall to within 2 vertical metres of the initiation point which reduces force by decreasing fall distance
Consists of a(n)
Lanyard
Anchorage Point
Full Body Harness
Attachment Strap
Fall Protection
Need: lanyard, full body harness, attachment strap, connecting device.
Ask: “How can a fall arrest shorten the distance of a fall?”
Answer: A fall arrest system allows the person to fall a maximum of 2 metres.
Fall arrest systems consist of the following: (Illustrate by showing an example of each component except for an anchorage point).
lanyard
anchorage
full body harness
attachment strap(webbing tie off)
connecting device
NOTE: keep the lanyard in your hand for the next slide

13. Fall Protection Lanyard
A device made of rope, wire or nylon strap used to connect the individual to an anchorage point and stop the individual in the event of a fall
Fall Protection
Need: Lanyard
Show the class a lanyard while paraphrasing the definition.

14. Fall Protection Lanyards should: Be inspected prior to use
Be protected against being cut or abraded
Have a minimum breaking strength of 2270kg
Be the appropriate length
Be attached to an anchorage not to itself
Fall Protection
Need: lanyard, attachment strap
Use the lanyard to illustrate when explaining bullets:
Stress the importance of protecting the lanyard from rubbing on rough surfaces when in use. Let them know you can put something under the lanyard such as a piece of carpet, etc. if need be.
State that all lanyards in use at JE automatically meet this requirement (5000 lbs breaking strength)
Demonstrate while explaining not to wrap an anchorage around a beam and attach it to itself (this is when you use the attachment strap)
Different lengths will be necessary to provide adequate protection. The individual is responsible to ensure the length of the lanyard will not allow a fall over 2 metres or less, depending on the hazard.

15. Fall Protection Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards must:
Automatically limit free-fall distance to less than 1.75 metres
Be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 1362kg when fully extended
Fall Protection
Describe why only 3000 lbs is required compared to the 5000 lbs requirement for the standard lanyard. The requirement is less for a self retracting lifeline/lanyard because of the height. A self-retracting lifeline/lanyard will limit your fall to 1.75 metres as compared with 2 metres for a standard lanyard, therefore the standard lanyard would have more force exerted on it during a fall thus requiring a higher minimum load (5000 lbs).

16. Fall Protection Anchorage Point
A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices
Fall Protection
State that your personal fall arrest system is only as strong as your anchorage.
Ask: “Give me an example of an unacceptable anchorage point.”
List participants’ examples on the flipchart using a marker.
Examples include (point these out in the room, if possible):
electrical conduit
chemical / gas lines
fire protection piping
pace grid
each other
cable trays

17. Fall Protection Anchorage points used for attachment of personal
fall arrest equipment must be:
Located at or above the employee’s waist
Capable of supporting more than 2270kg per employee
Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest
Fall Protection
Ask: “Why should an anchorage be at or above your waist?”
Answer: Free fall must be limited to 2 metres. The D-ring is at your back and the lanyard is 2 metres in length. A lower attachment point will allow you to free fall a farther distance.
Illustrate the above point holding the lanyard (pretend it is attached to you). You can also illustrate this point using the flip chart and markers.
Discuss the 5000 lbs capacity and the safety factor rating. A safety factor rating of 2 is on a case by case basis (when there is not an anchorage to tie off to with a 5000 lbs capacity) and only with approval of a structural engineer, safety engineer and supervisor.
Before changing slides explain to the class that the higher the anchorage, the shorter the fall.

18. Fall Protection Full body harness:
The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level
Body belts are not allowed on site
Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type
Fall Protection
Ask: “What type of harness is used at JE?”
Answer: A full body harness
Ask: “Does anyone know why body belts are not used at JE?”
Answer: A body belt can cause abdominal injury by placing all the force of the fall on your abdomen. A person can only hold a hanging position for about 30 seconds before experiencing ill effects (passing out, etc.)
Refer to the video and how a full body harness distributes the weight placing more on your pelvic region, and how it leaves you in an upright position.
Discuss the possibility of roll-out when using non-locking snaphooks.

19. Fall Protection Care for fall arrest systems:
After a fall arrest, the equipment will no longer be used (equipment will be disposed of or destroyed)
Clean equipment after use
Air dry equipment, do not hang in direct sunlight
Store equipment in a cool, dark, dry well ventilated place
Fall Protection
Tell the class to reference their Inspection checklist for full body harness (located in the Appendix of their student guide).
Stress the importance of caring for your personal fall arrest system (cleaning and storage).

20. Fall Protection - Exercise
Fitting and Removing
a Full Body Harness
FALL PROTECTION EXERCISE
Each JE site may choose their own exercise as long as the following objective is met:
Demonstrate how to fit and remove a full body harness
Exercise Example:
Break class into four groups of four to five people each.
Give each group a body harness.
Each group has 20 minutes in which to try on the body harness (every person should have the opportunity to assemble the harness and put it on).
The instructor will walk around the class and give feedback when necessary, checking each participant’s assembly and try on of the harness.
If a group is done early then they can have a break until the class reconvenes (20 min for total exercise).

21. FALL SPEED Vs REACTION TIME
In 1 second your body
will fall 10m (32ft)
Good body reaction time
= 0.2 seconds
Travel distance in 0.2 seconds = 2m (6.5ft)
By the time you react your body will be 2m below where you were standing

22. Ladder Safety
“No matter how quickly a job can be done, there is always time to fall”
A good point to remember...
Point out the two practices and solicit responses from the group on why the unsafe position is unsafe.
Answer: The person is overreaching, this violates the belt buckle rule (which we will discuss little later). This makes the ladder unstable and easy to fall over.
Ask: What should the person do instead of reaching?
Answer: Get down from the ladder and move it over closer to the work area.
Unsafe
Safe

23. Ladder Safety - Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Discriminate between safe and unsafe ladder practices
Describe correct practices when ascending and descending a ladder
Describe correct practices for using extension ladders
Objectives (Ladder Safety)
During Objectives:
During the ladder safety segment of the course, you will be able to:
Discriminate between safe and unsafe ladder practices
Describe correct practices when ascending and descending a ladder
Describe correct practices for using extension ladders

24. Ladder Safety Follow these four simple steps in ladder safety:
Use the right ladder for the job
Inspect the ladder
Set-up the ladder properly
Follow rules for climbing and using ladders
Ladder Safety
Stress that a big part of ladder safety is using common sense and following the four simple steps:
use the right ladder for the job, don’t use a ladder to short, to long, or made of the wrong material
inspect the ladder, make sure it will hold your weight, check for loose screws or rungs, etc.
set-up the ladder properly, make sure it has an even surface to set the feet on and spreaders are fully extended (step ladders)
follow the rules when climbing (ladder dos and don't) --NEXT SLIDE

25. Ladder Safety Don’t: overreach from a ladder use the top two rungs
use wood or metal ladders
move a ladder while on it
climb with material
share a ladder
Do:
move the ladder
get a taller ladder
use fiberglass only
get down and move the ladder
use a toolbelt
get a 2nd ladder
Ladder Safety
State that once again many of these are common sense. Follow these rules of climbing ladders both at work and at home.
Note - read the slide across, for example don’t overreach from a ladder, move the ladder; don’t stand on the top run, get a taller ladder.
Make a point that you never use the top two rungs on a step ladder or on an extension/straight ladder.

26. Ladder Safety
Always:
Maintain three points of contact with the ladder at all times
Maintain the center line of your body between the ladder’s vertical support rails while working
Check bottom of shoes and ladder rungs for grease and dirt
Ladder Safety
Explain that it’s a safe practice to keep at least one hand on the ladder while working. If you can’t do that then you probably need to use another type of equipment to do the work (scissor lift, etc.) If not feasible, a plan shall be developed and approved by EHS for alternative methods.
Ask: “Can someone tell me what the belt buckle rule is?”
Answer: Your belt buckle should remain between the ladder’s vertical support while working. If you reach, the middle of your belt buckle should remain between the vertical supports. Demonstrate this using the ladder.
Describe the importance of safety when using ladders in front of doors. Ladders must not be placed in front of doors unless the door is blocked, open, locked and posted, guarded, or barriers and caution tape are used.

27. Ladder Safety Always: Make sure ladder has non-skid pads
Ensure spreaders are fully extended and locked
Test pullies, springs, rung locks and ropes on extension ladders
Store ladders on their side or secure with a chain or cable when stored in an upright position
Ladder Safety
Look for non-skid pads. All ladders should have non-skid pads, if they are missing or damaged don’t use the ladder.
Remind the class to extend spreaders on step ladders, this makes the ladder stable.
Remind the class to test the “gear” on extension ladders before using them.
Stress the following rules when storing ladders:
store them on their side
secure them with a chain or cable when stored upright

28. Ladder Safety Extension ladders:
A minimum of 1 metre overlap is required
Must be secured at the top
Must have area secured with cones or barrier tape, or have an attendant
Ladder Safety
Define the rules when using an extension ladder:
A minimum of 1 metre overlap is required over the intended platform.
Ask: “Does anyone know why you need a 1 metre overlap?” Answer: So you have enough ladder to keep climbing on as you are climbing off onto the surface.
Must be secured at the top
Must have area secured with cones or barrier tape, or have an attendant

29. Ladder Safety Follow the 4:1 rule when using extension ladders 6 m
(20 ft)
Ladder Safety
Explain the 4:1 rule: for every four metres in height, the base of the ladder must be out 1 metre from the wall, building etc..
Example: If a ladder is 6 metres (20 feet) high, the base should be 1.5 metres (5 feet) from the building or wall.
Illustrate one more example for the class using the flip chart and markers: Use the measurement that the ladder is 8.4 metres (28 feet) tall. Ask the class to tell you how far away from the wall or building should the ladder’s base be?
Answer: 2.1 metres (7 feet) (remember the 4:1 rule)
1.5 m
(5 ft.)

30. Question Time At what height must fall protection be used?
Name one type of fall protection and one type of fall prevention?
If your lanyard gets wet should you:
(a) hang it up inside.
(b) leave it outside to dry out.
What is the ratio that is to be used when using a straight ladder?
Is a safety harness
(a) First line of defense.
(b) Last line of defense.