2. Theoretical review of public engagement in nursing George Kernohan Professor of Health Research

3. 15 minutes:  Why  Ladders and quadrants  What involvement looks like  Where to from here?

4. Why?  Accountability to the ultimate funders (you)  To manage increasing expectations  Reducing inequalities – reach the hard to reach  User involvement = better outcomes  National and local policy drivers, Standards for Better Health  Legal requirement

5. Ladders and quadrants provide theory  Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation  Hodges Health Career Model Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp. 216-224. Jones, P. (2003) Hodges' Health Career Care Domains Model

6. Hodges Health Career Model Individual Groups Mechanistic Humanistic Science & medicine Policy Social context Interpersonal care Inform and comply with treatment Guidelines improve systems Engage in politics, culture of care Holistic care in partnership Patient/client council Advocacy Self-care Curricula planning/delivery Person-centred care Voluntary sector Internet support

7. Public involvement is crucial in nursing & nursing research. A theoretical framework allows us to climbing the ladder of participation, towards healthy engagement Where to from here?

8. Thank you! wg.kernohan@ulster.ac.uk http://www.library.nhs.uk/ppi/