1. Securing

2. Objectives State what stresses are experienced. State what stresses are experienced. Explain forces and motions which create stress Explain forces and motions which create stress Describe the various form of cell guides Describe the various form of cell guides Name, distinguish and recognize the various lashing devices and materials Name, distinguish and recognize the various lashing devices and materials Interpret correctly a securing plan of a ship Interpret correctly a securing plan of a ship

11. Racking

12. Toppling

13. Colaps

14. Securing Systems should be Simple Simple Easily handled Easily handled Quick to use Quick to use Safe and reliable Safe and reliable Easily maintained Easily maintained Strong Strong Not to heavy Not to heavy

15. Securing System Types 1Cell guide systems 1Cell guide systems 2Non locking connectors 2Non locking connectors 3Locking connectors 3Locking connectors 4Lashing devices 4Lashing devices

29. Lashing Systems 1Chains 1Chains 2Steel wires 2Steel wires 3Rods 3Rods

30. ( DIS ) Advantages of Chains Against Against Heavy Heavy Difficult to handle Difficult to handle For For Easy to adjust length Easy to adjust length Do not kink Do not kink Need little maintenance Need little maintenance Stretch only slightly Stretch only slightly

31. (Dis) Advantages of Steel Wire Against Against Stretches Stretches Kinks Kinks Easily over tensioned Easily over tensioned Rusts and frays Rusts and frays Needs frequent maintenance Needs frequent maintenance Handling not easy to top tiers Handling not easy to top tiers For For Lighter than chains Lighter than chains Easier to handle Easier to handle

34. (Dis) Advantages of Rods Against Against Long rods difficult to handle Long rods difficult to handle Not easy to attach at angle Not easy to attach at angle For For Relatively easy to handle Relatively easy to handle Easily attached to upper tiers from base Easily attached to upper tiers from base Easy, quick attachment Easy, quick attachment no maintenance needed no maintenance needed Last longer than wires Last longer than wires

41. Lashing Not too Loose Not too Loose Not too Tight Not too Tight Do it just Right Do it just Right

46. Securing Specials 1Temperature controlled containers 1Temperature controlled containers 2Oversized cargoes and containers 2Oversized cargoes and containers 3Uncontainerized cargoes to be secured on containers 3Uncontainerized cargoes to be secured on containers 4Uncontainerized cargoes carried as such 4Uncontainerized cargoes carried as such

50. Standard Securing Tools Spanner / Adjustable wrench Spanner / Adjustable wrench Turnbuckle wrench Turnbuckle wrench Marlin pin Marlin pin Actuator pole Actuator pole Portable ladder Portable ladder

51. Tools and Materials for Specials Steel wire / chain Steel wire / chain Wire cutters Wire cutters Shackles and rings Shackles and rings Clamps Clamps Wrenches Wrenches Timber battens and blocks Timber battens and blocks Wood saw Wood saw Hammers and nails Hammers and nails Steel measuring tape Steel measuring tape