1. Coasts Revision Booklet This belongs to: ______________________ You should know…RAG How rock type (geology) and structure influence coastal landforms (Concordant and Discordant coasts) How landforms such as caves, arches and stacks form The difference between erosion, weathering and mass movement How these processes help form coastal landforms such as wave cut platforms and different cliff faces The different types of waves, constructive and destructive How sediment is transported and deposited on coasts (LSD) The threats to the coast The range of management options for coasts The coasts and benefits of different options for a named coastline

2. How rock type (geology) and structure influence coastal landforms (Concordant and Discordant coasts) Practice Questions: 1.Describe the differences between a concordant and a discordant coastline (4 marks) 2.Explain how headlands form (3 marks) 3.Explain how coves are formed (3 marks)

3. How landforms such as caves, arches and stacks form Practice Questions: 1.Name the features shown in the pictures (4 marks) 2.Explain their formation (6 marks) The difference between erosion, weathering and mass movement Erosion Weathering Mass Movement Four types of Erosion (Interactive diagram): http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/water_rivers/riv er_processes_rev1.shtml Three types of Weathering (Interactive diagrams): http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/environment_earth_univers e/rock_cycle/revision/6/ Mass Movement (Excellent diagrams): http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/geography/physical/lithosphere/ revision/8/

4. How these processes help form coastal landforms such as wave cut platforms and different cliff faces This is a wave cut platform. It is formed when… HARD ROCK CLIFFS:SOFT ROCK CLIFFS:

5. The different types of waves, constructive and destructive Practice Questions: 1.What is the name of the distance across the sea that winds blow to create waves? 2.What type of waves are high, steep, cause erosion and mainly occur in winter? 3.What type of waves are lower, transport and deposit material like sand and mostly occur in summer? 4.What is the difference between swash and backwash? 5.What is the name of the process which moves material along the beach?

6. How sediment is transported and deposited on coasts (LSD) Practice Question: Explain the process of Longshore Drift. You may use a diagram to help you.

7. The threats to the coast What are the key threats to the coast?

8. The range of management options for coasts StrategyDescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Hard engineering Groynes Wooden barriers built on the beach. Trap sand and pebbles being transported by longshore drift Absorb the power of the wave to let beach “rest”. Stops longshore drift Relatively cheep Not too intrusive Limited lifespan Hardwood – often comes from rainforest Sea wall Curved reinforced concrete wall built at the back of a beach. Often in front of an urban area Stop flooding. Reflex the wave energy Protects economic activities in the urban area Protects the cliff from erosion Expensive Life span – weathering will eventually erode Scenically unattractive Soft engineering Beach replenishmen t Replace sand and materials on the beach. The sand comes from dredging the sea bed Cheap Not so intrusive Naturally Removing and from one area – not sustainable Maintain very often Managed retreat Leave the area to naturally erode, but you keep an eye on it Cheap Environmentally friendly Not disturbing wildlife habitats You have to constantly keep an eye on it and you may have to act and build some defences later on Practice Question: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of soft and hard management of the coast (8 marks)

9. PHOTO COPY HOLDERNESS COAST CASE STUDY HERE!!