1. 2.4 The role of Australia’s governments in promoting healthy eating, through: - The information provided by nutrition surveys and how it is used - The Australian Guide to Health Eating and Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults

2. Promoting Healthy Eating
Nutrition is an area that requires attention in Australia in order of improvements in health to occur.
The Federal government plays a key role in bringing about improvements to food intake, through a number of initiatives
Government plays an important part in research, resulting in the publication of guidelines and resources that will improve eating habits of Australians.
Overall aim to improve eating habits and further;
Reduce the prevalence of diet-related diseases
Improve the health and wellbeing of population groups, especially the nutritional status of vulnerable groups
Promoting Healthy Eating
Nutrition Surveys
The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
The Australian Dietary Guidelines

3. Refer to booklet pages 64
1. Nutrition Surveys
Provide a snapshot of what Australians, or population groups within Australia, are eating in a particular time frame
Information can then be used for many purposes including;
Monitor nutrient intake against the Nutrient Reference Values and Dietary Guidelines
Assess changes in dietary habits and nutritional status over time and to allow comparison
Provide a basis for nutrition promotion strategies
Provide information on the interrelationship of health, social, economic and nutrition factors in selected population groups for policy and strategy development, including health promotion
Assist the evaluation of current policies and strategies

4. National Nutrition and Physical activity survey 2007- Kids Eat, Kids Play
Survey of Australia’s children.
Survey included information regarding:
Dietary intake
Body measurements
Physical activity patterns
Data about factors such as location, income, gender
Results allowed us to:
Used findings and compared to 1995 survey to identify trends that were emerging.
Compared findings to Physical Guidelines
Information used by governments, health professionals etc to understand changes that were occuring.
Assisted sectors to work together to address health concerns
Assisted to monitor health strategies
Federal government were able to develop policies based on results
Food industry could adjust to changes

5. National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey Program
Ongoing survey
Data collected more regularly than the 1995 survey
First survey is the Health Survey- Most comprehensive survey ever done in Australia and also has a focus on Indigenous Australians.
Data collected through a range of measures;
Surveys
Biomedical tests such as blood cholesterol, blood pressure
Results will provide governments, health researchers, community etc with important information about health problems and emerging nutrition issues.
Policies and strategies can then be developed and updated for both Indigenous and Non Indigenous Australians.

6. How do Nutrition Surveys promote healthy eating?
Information can then be used for many purposes including;
This will promote healthy eating by:
Used findings and compared to 1995 survey to identify trends that were emerging
Information used by governments, health professionals etc to understand changes that were occurring.
Assisted sectors to work together to address health concerns
Assisted to monitor health strategies
Federal government were able to develop policies based on results
Food industry could adjust to changes

7. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTION
Refer to Booklet page 68
Question 4 (Section A), VCAA exam 2012
The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (Children’s Survey) was commissioned by the Department of Health and Ageing, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, and the Australian Food and Grocery Council.
Among others, the Children’s Survey showed the following results.
 Sugar:
In the children surveyed, sugar contributed to between per cent of total energy intake. The Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet moderate in sugar (energy from sugar should not contribute more than 20 per cent of overall energy intake).
The proportion of all children who met the recommendations for a diet moderate in sugar increased with age (29 per cent of those aged 4-8 years compared to 39 per cent of year olds).
Micronutrients
Results indicate that some micronutrient intakes such as calcium, sodium and magnesium are likely to be problematic, particularly for the year olds who were the least likely to meet the recommended intake. 
Select one of the results of the survey outlined above and describe briefly the possible short- or long term consequences for health. 2 marks
In terms of promoting healthy eating, provide two reasons why the government carries out national nutrition surveys. 4 marks

8. 2. Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults
Refer to bookletpage 69
2. Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults
OVERVIEW:
Information from Nutrition Survey are used to help develop healthy eating tools such as the Dietary Guidelines.
Developed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)- Federal Government body.
Reviewed and updated in 2013.
Intended for use by; health professionals, educators, industry bodies etc and also aimed at the general public.
WHY ARE THEY DEVELOPED:
Australian population has experienced an increase in diet-related conditions and diseases and the guidelines are designed to address the causes of these increases.
Assist people to reduce intake of energy dense foods and increase intake of nutrient dense foods such as fruit and vegetables.
AIMS:
To develop healthy lifestyles that will promote health and wellbeing in the community
Reduce the risk of developing a range of diet-related conditions such as hypertension and impaired glucose regulation.
Reduce the risk of developing chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and some cancers.

9. 2. Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults
The Dietary Guidelines along with providing the 5 key Guidelines also provides a summary of recommended number of servings for each of the five food groups identified in Guideline 2.
See pages 277, 278, 279, 280

10. Refer to booklet page70, 71
Dietary Guideline
Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Reason for the incluson of this guideline
To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs

11. Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Refer to booklet page70, 71
Dietary Guideline
Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Reason for the incluson of this guideline
Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five groups every day:
- Plenty of vegetables, including different types and colours, and legumes/beans
- Fruit
- Grain (cereal) foods, mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal fibre varieties, such as breads, cereals, rice, pasta, noodles, polenta, couscous, oats, quinoa and barley
- Lean meats and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds, and legumes/beans
- Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or their alternatives, mostly reduced fat (reduced fat milks are not suitable for children under the age of 2 years)
- And drink plenty of water

12. Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Refer to booklet page70, 71
Dietary Guideline
Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Reason for the incluson of this guideline
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol
Limit intake of foods high in saturated fat Replace high fat foods which contain predominantly saturated fats with foods which contain predominantly polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.
b. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added salt.
Do not add salt to foods in cooking or at the table.
c. Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars such as confectionary, sugar-sweetened soft drinks and cordials, fruit drinks, vitamin waters, energy and sports drinks.
d. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake. For women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy or breastfeeding, not drinking alcohol is the safest option.

13. Guideline 4 Guideline 5 Refer to booklet page70, 71 Dietary Guideline
Health Benefits if the dietary guideline is followed
Reason for the incluson of this guideline
Guideline 4
Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
Guideline 5
Care for your food; prepare and store it safely

14. 3. The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating- AGHE

15. 3. The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
Refer to booklet page72, 73
The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating is a food selection guide which visually represents the proportion of the five food groups recommended for consumption each day through the break down of a plate.
Developed by the Federal Government
Intended to be used by consumers to assist them with planning, selecting and consuming adequate proportions of foods from the five food groups.
Visual reflection of the Australian Dietary Guidelines.
Endeavors to develop knowledge and skills of all Australians in consuming a healthier diet.

16. Description of the AGHE:

17. Description
How it promotes healthy eating
How it promotes health
How this reflects the Dietary Guidelines

18. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Refer to booklet pageS 74
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Question 3 (section B), VCAA Sample exam 2010
d. Explain one way the Australian Government could promote healthy eating to Indigenous Australians to improve their health status. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _____ 3 marks

19. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Refer to booklet page 74
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Question 1 (section B), VCAA exam 2010 Promoting healthy eating is a major focus for the ‘Life!’ program, a local government initiative. The Australian Government also plays an important role in promoting healthy eating. Identify two ways in which the Australian Government promotes healthy eating and how these promotions could reduce the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. 1._____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ __2.____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ___ 6 marks

20. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Refer to booklet page 75
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Question 2 (Section B), VCAA exam 2010 The 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey’s key findings were that only 1% of year old boys and girls consumed sufficient fruit and 5% of year olds and girls met the dietary guidelines for vegetable intake. Identify two ways in which the Australian Government could use the nutrition information from surveys like this. 1.______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _2._____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ __2 marks

21. PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Refer to booklet page 75
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
Question 4d, VCAA exam 2006 The Australian Government has develop dietary guidelines across the lifespan, partly in attempt to reduce the risks associated with obesity. Choose two of the Dietary Guidelines for Adults and show how they may assist an individual to maintain a healthy body mass index. Dietary guideline 1 and 2 ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Assistance in maintaining a healthy body mass index ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4 marks