1. This module will provide training on updates to the DIBELS Letter Naming Fluency measure. CLICK

2. Materials For The Module
Training Book
DIBELS® Next Assessment Manual
Stopwatch
Clipboard
Pen or pencil
DIBELS® Next Kindergarten Scoring Booklet
DIBELS® Next Kindergarten Student Materials
For this module you will need the power point handout for Letter Naming Fluency. It will be helpful to have the DIBELS Next Assessment Manual open to the section on Letter Naming Fluency. You will need a stopwatch, clipboard and a pen or penci,l and a copy of the Kindergarten scoring booklet and student materials.

3. Stepping Stones to Literacy
Reading to Learn
Oral Reading
Fluency
Vocabulary and Comprehension
Alphabetic
Principle
Vocabulary and Comprehension
Phonemic
Awareness
Vocabulary and Comprehension
Non-Reading

4. DIBELS® Assess the Basic Early Literacy Skills
Letter naming fluency is not an indicator of any of the basic early literacy skills. CLICK

5. Letter Naming
Letter naming is not a basic early literacy skill. The skill of knowing letter names is not essential to reading outcomes.
Letter naming is a strong and robust predictor of later reading performance and is used in DIBELS® as an additional indicator of risk.
However, Letter Naming Fluency continues to function as an indicator of risk and an indication of how much instructional support a student may need to learn one of the basic early literacy skills.
Because Letter Naming is not a basic early literacy skill, there is no benchmark goal for Letter Naming Fluency, nor are there progress monitoring materials for LNF. CLICK

6. What is Letter Naming Fluency (LNF?)
Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) is a brief, direct measure of a student’s fluency with naming letters. LNF assesses a student’s ability to recognize individual letters and say their letter names.
What’s new for Next?
New font for beginning reader
New directions
Item stratification
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Although Letter Naming Fluency is not an indicator of a basic early literacy skill, it is a measure of student’s fluency with naming letters and an indication of risk of reading failure. CLICK
Letter Naming Fluency in DIBELS Next uses a new font called Report School. This is a sans-sarif font that was custom designed for education. It was selected for DIBELS Next to reduce confusion for early readers. CLICK
There are new directions, and CLICK
The letters are placed on each probe so that all 26 upper and lower case appear in random order one time before repeating. CLICK CLICK

7. Letter Naming Fluency (LNF)
Letter Naming Fluency is given from the middle of Kindergarten through the beginning of first grade. It is a one minute measure. The score is the number of correctly named letters in that minute. The wait rule is 3 seconds and the measure is discontinued if the student does not name any letters correctly in the first row. CLICK

8. Letter Naming Fluency (LNF)
Assessor shows the student the
page of letters.
Student says the names of the
letters.
Score: Number of letters
correctly named in 1 minute.
LNF is done by placing the page of letters in front of the student. CLICK
The student names the letters CLICK
The score is the number of correctly named letters in one minute. CLICK

9. Let’s watch a video of an educator administering Letter Naming Fluency
Let’s watch a video of an educator administering Letter Naming Fluency. CLICK

10. Materials Student Materials Scoring Booklet Clipboard Stopwatch
Pen or pencil
The materials required for giving Letter Naming Fluency are the student materials, the scoring booklet on a clipboard, a stopwatch and a pen or pencil.

11. Administration Directions
Place the booklet on the
clipboard positioned so that the student cannot see what you record.
Follow these directions exactly each time with each student.
Say the words in bold italic type verbatim.
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Position the clipboard so the student can not see what you write. CLICK
Say the directions verbatim from the scoring booklet. CLICK

12. Administration Directions
Put the student copy of the materials in front of the student and say:
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Put the student copy of LNF in front of the student and say, CLICK
I’m going to show you some letters. I want you to point to each letter and say its name. (Put the page of letters in front of the student) Start here. (point) Go this way (Sweep your finger across the first two rows of letters) and say each letter name. Put your finger under the first letter (point). Ready, begin.

13. During the Testing Start the stopwatch after you say Begin.
Follow along in the scoring booklet, marking according to the scoring rules.
At the end of 1 minute, put a bracket after the last letter named and tell the student to Stop.
If the student completes the assessment before 1 minute, assessment stops and he/she receives the score obtained. Scores are not pro-rated.
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Start the stopwatch when you say Begin. CLICK
Follow along in the scoring booklet, marking errors. CLICK
At the end of the minute, tell the student to stop. CLICK

14. Score and Scoring Rules
The student receives 1 point for each correct letter named in 1 minute.
Leave blank any letters named correctly.
Slash (/) any letter that the student omits or names incorrectly.
Write “SC” above any letter that had previously been slashed and was self-corrected within 3 seconds. Count that letter as correct.
Draw a line through any row the student skips and do not count that row in scoring.
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The student receives 1 point for each correctly named letter. CLICK
There are 4 scoring rules:
Leave letters named correctly blank. CLICK
Slash (/) any letter that the student omits or names incorrectly. CLICK
Write “SC” above any letter that had previously been slashed and was self-corrected within 3 seconds. Count that letter as correct. CLICK
Draw a line through any row the student skips and do not count that row in scoring. CLICK

15. Scoring Rule 1: Correct Letter Names
Leave blank any letter named correctly.
Leave blank letters that are named correctly. CLICK

16. Scoring Rule 2: Errors
Put a slash over any letter not named or named incorrectly.
Put a slash mark over errors, which are letters skipped or named incorrectly. CLICK

17. Scoring Rule 3: Self Corrections
Write “sc” above any letter that had previously slashed and was self-corrected within 3 seconds. Count that letter as correct.
Students can get a point for letter names corrected within 3 seconds. CLICK

18. Scoring Rule 4: Skipping Rows
Draw a line through any row the student skips.
Draw a line through skipped rows. Do not count those letters as errors. CLICK

19. Discontinue Rule: First 10 Letters
If the student does not get any correct letter names within the first 10 letters (1 row), discontinue the task and record a score of zero (0).
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Discontinue the task CLICK
if the student hasn’t named any letters correctly in the first row. CLICK

20. Wait Rule: 3 Seconds Wait 3 seconds for the student to respond.
If the student does not name a letter after 3 seconds, put a slash over the letter and provide the correct letter name.
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The maximum hesitation time on each letter is 3 seconds. CLICK
If the student does not respond within 3 seconds, slash the letter and tell the student the correct letter name. CLICK

21. Reminders These reminders may be
provided only once:
If the student does not go left to right, say Go this way. (Sweep your finger across the row).
If the student skips 4 consecutive letters, say Try to say each letter name.
If the student says letter sounds, say Say the letter name, not its sound.
These reminders may be used as often as needed:
If the student stops and it is not a hesitation on a specific item, say Keep going.
If the student loses his/her place, point.
There are 3 reminders or prompts for LNF. Each can be used one time. CLICK
If the student does not go left to right, say Go this way. (Sweep your finger across the row). CLICK
If the student skips 4 consecutive letters, say Try to say each letter name. CLICK
If the student says letter sounds, say Say the letter name, not its sound. CLICK
There are also 2 reminders that can be used on any DIBELS measure where the student is asked to look at written material. If the student stops and it is not a hesitation on a specific item,say Keep going.
If the student loses his or her place, simply point. These 2 reminders can be used as often as needed.

22. Note Students are not penalized for imperfect pronunciation
due to articulation delays or impairments or speaking a dialect or first language other than English.
Students are not penalized for imperfect pronunciation due to articulation delays or impairments or speaking a dialect or first language other than English. CLICK

23. Immediately After Testing
Reset the stopwatch for the next measure.
Make a note about any patterns in student responses that were not
captured by the marking procedures.
At the end of the minute, reset the stopwatch. Note any response patterns that may be helpful in planning instruction. CLICK

24. At a Later Time Compute the Final Score
Add the number of correct letters named up to the bracket. Record the total number of letters correctly named in the space provided in the lower right-hand corner of scoring page. ]
After the student is no longer with you, add up the number of correct letter names before the bracket
And record it on the line that says Total Correct. CLICK 23

25. Final Score: Cover Page
Transfer the total number of correct letters named from the scoring page to the front of the testing booklet. 23
Record the score in the appropriate box on the cover page of the scoring booklet. CLICK

26. LNF Review How do I mark a letter incorrectly named? Slash the letter.
How do I mark a correct letter?
Leave blank.
What do I do if a student hesitates for 3 seconds?
Name the letter and slash it. If necessary, point to the next letter.
What do I do if a student skips an entire row?
Draw a line through the entire row and do not count it.
Let’s review the scoring rules for Letter Naming Fluency. There are 4 questions on this slide. Pause the video after each question to allow time to answer before the answers appear on the screen. CLICK
How do I mark a letter incorrectly named? CLICK
Slash the letter. CLICK
How do I mark a correct letter? CLICK
Leave blank. CLICK
What do I do if a student hesitates for 3 seconds? CLICK
Name the letter and slash it. If necessary, point to the next letter. CLICK
What do I do if a student skips an entire row? CLICK
Draw a line through the entire row and do not count it. CLICK

27. LNF Practice #1
Here is an opportunity to practice Letter Naming Fluency. Pause the video if necessary to gather the materials. You will need a stopwatch, pen or pencil, and the Kindergarten scoring booklet (open to page 6) and student materials (open to Benchmark 1). You will hear me read the LNF directions. Then I will respond in the role of a student. Mark my responses in your copy of the scoring booklet. At the end of the minute, pause the video and determine the final score.
Here are the correct scoring marks. CLICK
Check your work against the slide. Pause the video if needed. A second practice opportunity is on the next slide. CLICK 26

28. Practice #2 sc
Here is a 2nd practice opportunity. Open the Kindergarten scoring booklet to page 11, and the student materials to Kindergarten Benchmark Follow along and mark in the scoring booklet.
Here are the correct scoring marks. CLICK
Check your work against the slide. Pause the video if needed. A second practice opportunity is on the next slide. CLICK 33

29. LNF Summary Start timer after you say Begin.
Correct
(leave blank)
Incorrect
(slash letter)
Names correct letter
Mispronounces letter due to articulation delay/dialect/different first language
Names upper case i as either i or L
Names incorrect letter
Hesitates for 3 seconds
Omits letter
In summary, letter naming is not an indicator of one of the core components of reading. However, performance on LNF does serve as a useful predictor of risk. The timing starts when the assessor says “begin” and stops at the end of one minute. The score is the number of letters named correctly in one minute. Correct letters are left blank. Incorrect letters such as letters that are named incorrectly, hesitations for more than 3 seconds, and letters that are omitted are slashed. If a student hesitates for more than 3 seconds on a letter, say the correct letter name and slash the letter. Students can get credit for an incorrect response as long as they self-correct within 3 seconds. If a student skips a line, draw a line through the row and disregard those letters in terms of scoring. Discontinue the task if the student has not gotten any correct letters in the first row.
Self-correct: Write “SC” above letter and count as correct.
Skips row: Draw a line through the entire row and do not count.
Reminders: Go this way. Try to say each letter name. Say the letter name, not its sound.
Wait Rule: Say the correct letter name and slash the letter. If necessary, redirect.
Discontinue Rule: No correct letters in the first row.

30. To Enhance This Training
Additional practice activities
DIBELS® Next Assessment Manual
Further training opportunities
Additional practice activities can be found in the DIBELS Next Assessment Manual.
It is suggested that you practice with at least 5 students, or to the point that you feel you can accurately administer and score the measures.
The Assessment Manual also contains an accuracy checklist for monitoring your adherence to the standardized scoring procedures, a pronunciation guide, and a list of recommended readings.
Information about further training opportunities is available at the Dynamic Measurement Group website at CLICK