1. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES AND MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE European Perspectives Professor Henrik Halkier Aalborg University, Denmark halkier@ihis.aau.dk

2. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES AND MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE European Perspectives 1. Great expectations: Defining RDAs 2. Diversity: Governance and strategies 3. RDAs and regional policy in Europe 4. Current and future challenges for RDAs Professor Henrik Halkier Aalborg University, Denmark halkier@ihis.aau.dk

3. Defining RDAs GREAT EXPECTATIONS Arm's-length sponsorship  long-term strategy  private-sector support  specialist staff RDA

4. Defining RDAs GREAT EXPECTATIONS Arm's-length sponsorship  long-term strategy  private-sector support  specialist staff Tailor-made strategies  specific problems  local firms focus  integrated policies RDA

5. Defining RDAs GREAT EXPECTATIONS Arm's-length sponsorship  long-term strategy  private-sector support  specialist staff Flexible instruments  finance, infrastructure  advice, networks, training  proactive implementation Tailor-made strategies  specific problems  local firms focus  integrated policies RDA

6. RDA DIVERSITY Governance and strategies Sponsorship  arm's-length, one sponsor Source: Halkier & Danson 1998

7. RDA DIVERSITY Governance and strategies Sponsorship  arm's-length, one sponsor Instruments  modern, less traditional Source: Halkier & Danson 1998

8. RDA DIVERSITY Governance and strategies Sponsorship  arm's-length, one sponsor Instruments  modern, less traditional Strategies  specialisation, less diversity Source: Halkier & Danson 1998

9. RDA DIVERSITY Governance and strategies Sponsorship  arm's-length, one sponsor Instruments  modern, less traditional Strategies  specialisation, less diversity Summing up  More model RDAs than not Source: Halkier & Danson 1998

10. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Spatially selective Spatially inclusive Single- tier National top-down Regional bottom-up Multi- tier Structural Funds Growth partnerships

11. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Bottom-up RDAs  stand-alone Spatially selective Spatially inclusive Single- tier National top-down Regional bottom-up Multi- tier Structural Funds Growth partnerships

12. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Bottom-up RDAs  stand-alone Structural Funds RDAs  project managers Growth partnership RDAs  network governance ? Spatially selective Spatially inclusive Single- tier National top-down Regional bottom-up Multi- tier Structural Funds Growth partnerships

13. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Bottom-up RDAs  stand-alone Structural Funds RDAs  project managers Growth partnership RDAs  network governance ?

14. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Bottom-up RDAs  stand-alone Structural Funds RDAs  project managers Growth partnership RDAs  network governance ? RegionRDA Firms

15. RDAs IN REGIONAL POLICY Towards multi-level governance Top-down RDAs  absent Bottom-up RDAs  stand-alone Structural Funds RDAs  project managers Growth partnership RDAs  network governance ? RegionRDA Firms RDA Nation EU Local

16. CHALLENGING RDA FUTURES Context is crucial x 3 Political sponsorship  clear expectations about development goals  other sponsor goals also important  clear about degree of autonomy

17. CHALLENGING RDA FUTURES Context is crucial x 3 Political sponsorship  clear expectations about development goals  other sponsor goals also important  clear about degree of autonomy Tailor- made strategies  realism about global trends  secure legitimacy via partnership  clients are source of innovation

18. CHALLENGING RDA FUTURES Context is crucial x 3 Political sponsorship  clear expectations about development goals  other sponsor goals also important  clear about degree of autonomy Tailor- made strategies  realism about global trends  secure legitimacy via partnership  clients are source of innovation Policy instruments  use local resources  learning more efficient than copying  creativity also in presentation