1. Virtual Ethnography Revisited Christine Hine Department of Sociology University of Surrey

2. Virtual Ethnography Revisited Why do virtual ethnography? How do you do virtual ethnography? A recent project, and some emerging themes of importance Virtual presence in real worlds Ethics and engagement Immersion in communication ecologies

3. Why do virtual ethnography? Ethnography as a way of understanding social life as lived and experienced Participating, observing, questioning, achieving richness and depth Mediated interactions are increasingly an embedded part of contemporary social life If the people you study move some aspects of their life onto the Internet, then so must you

4. What is virtual ethnography? A set of principles…… 1. Investigate the ways in which use of the Internet becomes socially meaningful 2. View the Internet as both culture and cultural artefact 3. Expect to need to be mobile both virtually and physically 4. Follow connections instead of being confined to field sites

5. What is virtual ethnography? 5. Don’t take boundaries, especially between the “virtual” and the “real”, for granted 6. Expect a process of intermittent engagement, rather than long term immersion 7.Expect to develop a partial view, based on strategic relevance to particular research questions

6. What is virtual ethnography? 8. Use your engagement with mediated interaction to add an important reflexive dimension 9. Carry out ethnography of, in and through the virtual 10. Undertake adaptive ethnography which suits itself to the conditions in which it finds itself

7. Ethnography in a trans-virtual world Information and communication technologies in contemporary science Databases, web-based information resources, large institutions, online forums and mailing lists, traditional literature, publicity materials and official reports…… A trans-virtual world – an emerging virtual culture that is thoroughly rooted in the offline and can only fully be understood through trans-virtual ethnography

10. Ethnography in a trans-virtual world Information and communication technologies in contemporary science Databases, web-based information resources, large institutions, online forums and mailing lists, traditional literature, publicity materials and official reports…… A trans-virtual world – an emerging virtual culture that is thoroughly rooted in the offline and can only fully be understood through trans-virtual ethnography

11. Trans-virtual ethnography Take virtual environments seriously as places where social life gets done. But….not everything that is important is visible online Learn about the varying textures of social life, as enacted in virtual forums, and as virtual activities are embedded in real life activities and institutions

12. Emerging themes and issues Developing appropriate researcher presence Ethics and engagement Immersion in communication ecologies

13. Virtual presence in real worlds Contacting people by email for face-to- face interviews An opportunity to explore use of email as a routine means of communication A chance to begin developing appropriate presence, through signature, web site, online publications Face-to-face interviews as a chance to explore different sets of connections, and to pursue issues in depth

15. Ethics and engagement Observing mailing lists as covert observation Variable significance of messages to their authors – sometimes asking permission to quote is appropriate Asking permission is an engagement with the field, which can lead to surprising and useful research relationships Overt methods can give access to a broader perspective on lists

16. At 05:43 AM 12/17/2003, you wrote: >Hi, >mind being cited in this regard? I'd like to include your entire >message in my piece, as it illustrates so well the kinds of concerns >(which characters to portray, quality of image etc) that surround this >type of innovation. > >I hope you'll say yes to this unusual request. Sure, you are welcome to use the message. I went back and looked at the message thread, I assume you saw there were several follow up messages, some concerned this was inappropriate for Taxacom and some of a more humorous bent. I still probably have the image if you care. Boy, it is interesting to see how times change. BTW, I took at you paper on Systematics as Cyberscience. Very interesting. You might want to take a look at the project I am currently working on (Digimorph.org) as a way some of us are approaching the idea of digitizing specimens. This is a long way from a flatbed scanner! Our 3D specimens are, of course, not perfect digital replicas, soft tissue is relatively anonymous and no surface colors appear. But significant internal morphology is far more visible that in museum specimens themselves.

17. Ethics and engagement Observing mailing lists as covert observation Variable significance of messages to their authors – sometimes asking permission to quote is appropriate Asking permission is an engagement with the field, which can lead to surprising and useful research relationships Overt methods can give access to a broader perspective on lists

18. Overt methods on mailing lists How important is this list for a practicing systematist today? Would you miss it? What would taxonomy be like without it? How far do the kinds of issues discussed on the Taxacom list reflect the concerns of the discipline more broadly? Is there an excessive focus on particular kinds of issues? Do others get missed out? Have you posted messages to the list, either to start a topic or respond to one? What was your experience like - did you find it helpful, enjoyable, or neither? How many of the people who contribute to the list do you know from other contexts? Have you met many of them face-to-face? What other lists do you belong to? How does this list differ? I'd be particularly interested to hear from anyone who never or rarely sends messages to the list, but still finds it useful - what benefit do you get from the list? Do you know colleagues in taxonomy who don't subscribe to the list, and do they miss out?

19. Overt methods on mailing lists Answers have led me into issues of –Selective reading practices –Self-censorship and awareness of “the community is watching” –Gender issues in interpretation of posting practices –Prevalence of private email between list members –Lists as learning environments, and the value of lurking ….but still only from 2% of the list membership

20. Immersion in communication ecologies Ethnographic research methods as a way of exploring the varying textures of contemporary social life as enacted through complex communication ecologies Amenability to particular media and methods tells us valuable things about the texture of social life Questioning appropriate methods is a way of staying alive to the taken-for-granted qualities of communications media

21. Take home messages Technologies are potent but variably interpreted figures for researchers and research subjects Virtual methods are powerful (indispensible?) routes to understanding contemporary society Immersion in communication ecologies is a route to a reflexively informed understanding

22. Virtual Methods The web site: www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/virtualmethods/vmesrc.htm The mailing list: virtual-methods To join, visit www.jiscmail.ac.ukwww.jiscmail.ac.uk The book Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet. Forthcoming: Berg, April 2005