1. Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, © 2010

2. Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health

3. Unit Overview Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion Experienced Emotion Stress and Health Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

4. Theories of Emotion

5. Theories of emotions Emotion –Physiological arousal –Expressive behavior –Conscious experience Common sense theory

6. Theories of emotions James-Lange theory

7. Theories of emotions James-Lange theory

8. Theories of emotions James-Lange theory

9. Theories of emotions Cannon-Bard theory

10. Theories of emotions Cannon-Bard theory

11. Theories of emotions Two-factor theory –Schachter-Singer

12. Theories of emotions Two-factor theory –Schachter-Singer

13. Theories of emotions Two-factor theory –Schachter-Singer

14. Theories of emotions

15. Embodied Emotion

16. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic nervous system –Sympathetic nervous system arousing –Parasympathetic nervous system Calming –Moderate arousal is ideal

17. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

20. Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions Different movie experiment

21. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions Differences in brain activity –Amygdala –Frontal lobes Nucleus accumbens –PolygraphPolygraph

22. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion Spill over effect –Schachter-Singer experiment Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

23. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion Influence of the amygdala

24. Expressed Emotion

25. Detecting Emotion Nonverbal cues –Duchenne smile

26. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

28. Culture and Emotional Expression

29. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

33. The Effects of Facial Expressions Facial feedback

34. Experienced Emotion

35. Fear Adaptive value of fear The biology of fear –amygdala

36. Anger –Evoked by events –CatharsisCatharsis –Expressing anger can increase anger

37. Happiness –Feel-good, do-good phenomenonFeel-good, do-good phenomenon –Well-beingWell-being

38. Happiness The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs Watson’s studies

39. Happiness Wealth and Well-Being

41. Happiness Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison Happiness and Prior Experience –Adaptation-level phenomenonAdaptation-level phenomenon Happiness and others’ attainments –Relative deprivationRelative deprivation

42. Happiness Predictors of Happiness

43. Stress and Health

44. Introduction Health psychology Behavioral medicine

45. Stress and Illness Stress –Stress appraisal

46. Stress and Illness The Stress Response System Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)general adaptation syndrome (GAS) –Alarm –Resistance –exhaustion

47. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

51. Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events Catastrophes Significant life changes Daily hassles

52. Stress and the Heart Coronary heart disease Type A versus Type B –Type AType A –Type BType B

53. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease Psychophysiological illnesses Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) –LymphocytesLymphocytes B lymphocytes T lymphocytes –Stress and AIDS –Stress and Cancer

54. The End

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56. Teacher Information Hyperlink Slides - This presentation contain two types of hyperlinks. Hyperlinks can be identified by the text being underlined and a different color (usually purple). – Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (slide #3) can be found listing all of the unit’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection. – Bold print term hyperlinks: Every bold print term from the unit is included in this presentation as a hyperlink. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of the hyperlinks will take the user to a slide containing the formal definition of the term. Clicking on the “arrow” in the bottom left corner of the definition slide will take the user back to the original point in the presentation. These hyperlinks were included for teachers who want students to see or copy down the exact definition as stated in the text. Most teachers prefer the definitions not be included to prevent students from only “copying down what is on the screen” and not actively listening to the presentation. For teachers who continually use the Bold Print Term Hyperlinks option, please contact the author using the email address on the next slide to learn a technique to expedite the returning to the original point in the presentation.

57. Teacher Information Continuity slides – Throughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes. By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts. By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation. To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about “what might come next” in the series of slides. Please feel free to contact me at kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us Kent Korek Germantown High School Germantown, WI 53022 262-253-3400 kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us

58. Division title (green print) subdivision title ( blue print) xxx –xxx

59. Division title (green print) subdivision title ( blue print) Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete this box when finished

60. Definition Slide = add definition here

61. Definition Slides

62. Emotion = a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

63. James-Lange Theory = the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

64. Cannon-Bard Theory = the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

65. Two-factor Theory = the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

66. Polygraph = a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

67. Facial Feedback = the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

68. Catharsis = emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

69. Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon = people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

70. Well-being = self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

71. Adaptation-level Phenomenon = our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

72. Relative Deprivation = the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

73. Behavioral Medicine = an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..

74. Health Psychology = a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.

75. Stress = the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

76. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) = Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

77. Coronary Heart Disease = the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.

78. Type A = Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

79. Type B = Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.

80. Psychophysiological Illness = literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress- related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

81. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) = the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

82. Lymphocytes = the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.