1. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Good Reading is Like Good Driving... pay attention to what’s coming up!

2. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Pay Attention to Road Signs

3. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Six Types of Writing Patterns Ask: Which pattern did the author use to organize the main idea and supporting details?

4. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Six Types of Writing Patterns listing / classification /division compare-contrast similarities-differences sequence / time order / process / series cause-effect definition (with example)spatial / place order

5. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing / Classification / Division Pattern According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types: misdirection and suppression.

6. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing or Classification Verb Cues classifycategorizedivide break downseparategroup

7. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing or Classification Word or Style Cues 1, 2, 3 a, b, c and also another in addition moreover furthermore signs examples patterns types ways kinds classes groups categories parts elements features

8. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing or Classification Punctuation Cues According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types : misdirection and suppression. According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types – misdirection and suppression.

9. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing or Classification Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 398 & 399

10. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel.

11. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Cues first, second, third now, then, next, finally steps, phases, series, stages progression, process, spectrum, continuum before, during, after, when dates & words that refer to time instructions & directions 1, 2, 3... a, b, c...

12. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel.

13. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Listing or Classification Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 401, 402, 403

14. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state.

15. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Verb Cues defined asdescribed asis called refers to is referred to as means is is known as

16. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Word or Style Cues bold italics color in other words or that is i.e., definition list following a :, -- (in parentheses) [in brackets] for example, for instance, e.g.,

17. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state.

18. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern Anorexia nervosa, or an eating disorder that can lead to starvation, occurs most often in teenage girls. Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder that can lead to starvation) occurs most often in teenage girls. Anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder that can lead to starvation – occurs most often in teenage girls.

19. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, i.e., an eating disorder that can lead to starvation. An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, that is, an eating disorder that can lead to starvation. An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.

20. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for instance, anorexia nervosa and bulimia Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for example, anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

21. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 404-405

22. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern

23. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.

24. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Comparison / Similarities Word Cues similarly likewise both also resembles parallels in the same way in the same manner Comparatives: safer slower faster lighter

25. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Contrast / Differences Word Cues in contrast however on the other hand whereas while although however nevertheless instead conversely rather than as opposed to different differing opposite some... others other opposite words like advantages and disadvantages

26. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.

27. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Definition (with Example) Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 406

28. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Cause-and-Effect Pattern

29. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Cause-and-Effect Pattern The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger. The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease.

30. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Cause-and-Effect Word Cues reasons causes explanations results effects outcome because since therefore, thus consequently is due to ___ was caused by___ resulted from ___ ___ leads to ___ results in ___ was caused by ___ is due to ___ resulted from leads to ___ results in ___

31. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Cause-and-Effect Pattern The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger. The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease.

32. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Cause-and-Effect Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 408-410

33. Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education Spatial / Place Order Pattern Stop & Annotate p. 411