1. Emotion Myers Ch. 8B mood o'clock stereomood

2. What does this symbol mean? :) (^_^)

3. :( (;_;)

4. (o,o)

5. ;)

6. Define Emotion… Positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

7. Would you like to never be sad again? What is the role of emotion in society? Your life? Would you like to never be sad again? What is the role of emotion in society? Your life? Complete Handout 8B-2

8. Cartoon Analysis Activity

9. Theories of Emotions James-Lange Theory

10. Theories of emotions James-Lange Theory

11. Theories of emotions James-Lange Theory

12. Other examples… Sad because we cry Angry because we hit Afraid because we tremble

13. Analysis of James-Lange Falls Short… Support 1) Pounding heart can mean many things… 2) autonomic nervous system isn’t fast enough…i.e., blush and embarrassment happen at the same time…how can one be causing the other. 3) We have difficulty detecting changes in autonomic functioning Quadriplegics experience dulled sense of emotion

14. Theories of emotions  Cannon-Bard Theory

15. Theories of emotions  Cannon-Bard Theory

16. Theories of emotions  Two-Factor Theory—emotions are inferences of similar bodily states Schachter-Singer

17. Theories of emotions Two-factor Theory o Schachter-Singer

18. Theories of emotions Two-factor Theory o Schachter-Singer

19. Theories of emotions

20. Support for 2-Factor When people work out (i.e., activate autonomic nervous system) they find attractive people more attractive, annoying people more annoying, laugh harder at jokes, etc… Why action movies always end as love stories Cognitive misattribution

21. Criticisms Zajonc (ZY-unz) o —infants copy emotion and express emotion without cognition o Therefore—cognition follows emotion Izard o James-Lange was correct o Adds facial expression and bodily movement/posture in addition to nervous system o We control our own emotional response? Autonomic nervous system more intricate than we thought We can now measure galvanic skin response and heart rate with more precision o Fear and disgust=higher galvanic skin response than sadness or anger o Anger=higher fingertip temp than fear

22. Biofeedback/Learning Applications Military training—control breathing, heart rate, etc… =reduced fear? (James-Lange) Stress, meditation, yoga, etc…impact on emotions?

23. The effects of facial expressions...(Izard) Can we cure depression through botox? “Fake it until you make it” 9 of 10 participants no longer showed symptoms of clinical depression two months after treatment

24. Detecting Emotion ACT—handout 8B-8— non-verbal expressiveness. 8B-9—Detecting deception Autism Autism Autism o Myths/Facts Myths/Facts o TED TAlK-EMOTIONAL ROBOTS TED TAlK-EMOTIONAL ROBOTS TED TAlK-EMOTIONAL ROBOTS

25. Regulating Emotion Complete handout 8B-4 Reappraisal—changing emotional experience by changing meaning of stimulus (2-factor) Suppression—dealing with emotion later High scores of reappraisal = greater experience of positive emotions and better interpersonal functioning

26. Experienced Emotion 8B-11—AIM- How intense are your emotions? High scores tend to have more complex goals and report more psycho-physiological distress symptoms 8B-12—PANAS Scales o Positive affect and negative affect

27. Facial Expressions Paul Ekman o Expressions that last for less than half second and more than 5 are most likely insincere o Less symmetrical and abrupt expressions are insincere Evolutionary? o Cross-cultural o Blind from birth display emotions same way

28. Disgust Scientists have discovered that those with Huntington’s Disease (neurodegenerative disease) can’t recognize facial expressions for disgust

29. Envy/Jealousy Handout 8B-16 All cultures have a word for envy...it is culturally pervasive

30. Fear S.M.—a woman studied at the University of Iowa has a degenerative disease of the amygdala and has no fear. Can we be ‘scared to death?’ o Yes. o Adrenaline and catecholamine

31. Anger Does catharsis really work? Fried Green Tomatoes 8B-19—Anger Discomfort Scale

32. Sadness Tahitians do not have words for sadness, loneliness, longing… Perceived as a sickness (linguistic determinism?) Also have many more words for anger and fear than English but rarely express them…does the ability to articulate emotion result in better emotional management?

33. Happiness Handout 8B-21—What makes you happy? SciAm Mind: “Pursuit of Happiness” Adaptation-level phenomenon—if you go from making $50,000/year to $500,000 your happiness will adapt as develop a new norm Relative Deprivation— better or worse than comparison group

34. Stress and Health 8B-25: (SUS) 8B-26: (Response to Stress) 8B-29: (Type D Personality) Circular pattern of extended stress o Cortisol o Adrenaline o Repeat

35. Stress The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events. GAS (Seyle)—General Adaptation Syndrome—alarm, resistance, exhaustion

36. Biological Perspective/Stress Health Psychology—PNI o Psychoneuroimmunology— psychological, neural, endocrine systems effect health and immune system o Growing field

37. Review: Explain why we experience emotion from the 7 perspectives of psychology.