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Sentence Types
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By Douglas Jones Language and Culture Center University of Houston
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Simple Compound Complex
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SUBJECTPREDICATE
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Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE one subject one predicate
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play tennis.Tom and Mary Compound Subject &
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play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary Compound Subject Compound Predicate & &
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Tom and Mary play tennis.
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Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Hi, I’m Punctuation Pete!
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No comma before “and” in compound subjects and predicates! Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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SUBJECTPREDICATE SUBJECT PREDICATE and
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Tomswims, Maryplays tennis. and
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FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Comma before “and” in compound sentences!
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MOREOVER HOWEVER OTHERWISE THEREFORE
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Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent
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Note: Semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb! Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
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Note: Place commas before and after a conjunctive adverb in the middle! Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
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Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
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Note: Place a comma before a conjunctive adverb at the end! Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
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“ If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon ” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
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Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
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SUBJECTPREDICATE SUBJECTPREDICATE even though
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Bobis popular heis ugly. even though
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EVEN THOUGH WHEN BECAUSE UNLESS WHEREAS ADVERB CLAUSES
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Bob is popular even though he is ugly. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Dependent
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Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular. Clause 1 Clause 2 Dependent Independent
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When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT followed by a comma! Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
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When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma! Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
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Mikeis popular heis good looking, because heis not very happy. but
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Punctuate each clause according to its rules! Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.
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Punctuation Review!
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No commas before “and” in compound subjects and predicates! My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend. SIMPLE SENTENCE
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Comma before coordinating conjunction! Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do. COMPOUND SENTENCE: Coordinating Conjunction
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Semicolon before conjunctive adverb Comma after conjunctive adverb! Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; however, some schools fail to distinguish between these groups. COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb
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Semicolon after first independent clause-- Commas before and after conjunctive adverb! Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools, however, fail to distinguish between these groups. COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
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Semicolon after first independent clause-- Comma before conjunctive adverb! Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools fail to distinguish between these groups, however. COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb at the end
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When main clause is first, it is not usually followed by a comma! People had continuous moderate exercise when they had to hunt for food. COMPLEX SENTENCE: Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
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When the adverb clause is first, it is followed by a comma! When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise. COMPLEX SENTENCE: Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
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Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999. The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.
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