1. Marine parks for reef sharks: shark movements at Ningaloo Reef Conrad Speed, Mark Meekan, Iain Field, Clive McMahon, Rob Harcourt, John Stevens, Richard Pillans, Russ Babcock, Rory McAuley, Corey Bradshaw

2. Threats at Ningaloo No commercial shark fisheries Development Recreational fishing ~18,000 fishers P/Y (Smallwood & Beckley 2012) 4.2 % recapture rate vs 5.5 % for commercial fishery (Stevens et al. 2000)

3. Background MPA design requires ecological data Movement patterns lacking for most species Spatial and temporal patterns Acoustic monitoring (AATAMS)

4. Ningaloo Marine Park NMP established 1987 Sanctuary area 883.65 km 2 (34%) Mangrove Sanctuary 11.35 km 2 Mangrove habitat / reef / sand NMP mangrove habitat < 1%

5. High diversity Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Carcharhinus melanopterus Negaprion acutidens

6. Objectives Sanctuary use by reef sharks Sanctuary more effective for juveniles? HR smaller for juveniles? Residency higher for smaller sharks? Long-distance movements adults?

7. Tagging & monitoring

8. Tagged sharks Blacktips (n=10) adults and juveniles Greys (n=10) adults & juveniles Lemons (n=5) all juveniles

9. Temporal detections

10. Diel patterns

11. Sanctuary use by residents (n=12) Greys 93 % (n=2) Blacktips 45 % (n=7) Lemons 63% (n=3) <1 % in sanctuary 58 % in sanctuary 98 % in sanctuary

12. Kernel ‘hot spots’

13. Home range ? Adults = 12.8 km 2 (±3.12) Juveniles = 7.2 km 2 (±1.33) MCP =19.56 km 2 MCP =0.61 km 2 (±0.04)

14. Long-distance movements 260 km Pupping? X 5 Adult females

15. Long-distance movements Tag #SpeciesMLD (km) 8229C. amblyrhynchos80.5 53414C. amblyrhynchos61.8 53351C. amblyrhynchos12.8 53355C. amblyrhynchos11.3 53347C. melanopterus137.8 53361C. melanopterus61.8 53344C. melanopterus16.1 8218C. melanopterus13.2

16. Conclusions Highlighted need for ecological data for MPA design Site fidelity & residency high Sanctuary offers greater protection for juveniles Long-distance movements (pupping?) Extend sanctuary southward

17. Acknowledgements