1. 老師：陳文山 班級：碩研電子一甲 姓名：朱士豪 學號： M9930201

2. Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

3.  Abstract  Shark Antenna  Radiation Characteristics  Square Shark Antenna Array  Conclusion

4.  A novel ultrawideband (UWB) antenna, called the Shark antenna, and designed especially for transient applications is proposed in this paper.  Shark antenna array is also conceived in order to obtain a high power UWB pulse radiation source through the frequency band [800 MHz–8 GHz].  For this application, the elementary antenna must be compact, non- dispersive, and the array must have a high transient front to back ratio. 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

5. Table 1. Existing Technologies 小尺寸天線的現有技術，頻寬和分散取決於每個天線的尺寸。 (Archimedean spiral, bi-cone, or ridged horn) 只有單一較好的性能， (TEM Horn and Vivaldi) 達到天線的四個要求，但頻寬約 10 GHz 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

6. Fig. 1. Bi-cone at the starting point of the design. 高 84 mm ，間距 4mm ， α 角 56° 為匹配後之最佳參數。 Fig. 2. Cones inclined in the same direction. Bi-cone 缺點 H-field 全向性，為了場型單向性所以傾斜 β 角為 12° 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

7. Fig. 3. Structure truncated at the bottom, the top, and the back. 截斷後的結構有助於增加前方輻射大小 Fig. 4. Addition of a reflecting plane. 為了使前方輻射大於後方，所以加一反射面於後方， d=75 mm 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

8. Fig. 5. Shark antenna. 最後一步為連接傾斜和截斷的雙錐反射面。 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

9. Fig. 6. Simulated reflection coefficient. Fig. 7. Dimensions of the Shark antenna. 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

10. Fig. 8. Monocycle pulse in the time domain. 單週期脈衝之時域 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

11. Fig. 9. Monocycle pulse in the frequency domain. 單週期脈衝之頻域 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

12. Fig. 10. Transient peak radiations in the H-plane: field range product per Volt accepted. H-plane 瞬態輻射峰值 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

13. Fig. 11. Transient peak radiations in the E-plane: field range product per Volt accepted. E-plane 瞬態輻射峰值 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

14. Fig. 12. Behavior of the radiated field all around the Shark antenna. 顯示了 Shark Antenna 是低分散的天線，也顯示跟後方相比在天線前方有多強的輻射場 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

15. Fig. 13. Reflection coefficient of the two Shark antennas. 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

16. Fig. 14. The two different antenna arrays. 使用兩種大小的Shark antenna製作有相同面積的陣列天線，並設定增益、場型相同。 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

17. Table 2. Comparison Between The Two Arrays (With A Same Surface Area And A Field Range Product Equal To 1 KV) 天線數量增加每一發電機所要提供的能量會相對降低。提供較小能量的發電機成本較低，對 Sources間的同步也較為間單。 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

18. Fig. 15. Transient radiation patterns. 4×4 的波束比 3×3 的多 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

19. Fig. 16. Suppression of the slits at the back of the array. 每個天線都是沿著水平軸緊貼彼此，但由於每個天線的垂直軸上都有同 軸電纜，所以在後方設計抑制狹縫。 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

20. Table 3. Evolution Of The Front To Back Ratio With The Antenna Number 前後輻射波比的增加與天線數量增加的比例成非線性。 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

21. Fig. 17. Radiations of the peripheral antennas. 陣列周圍的天線影響陣列後方的輻射場 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010 (2)

22. Fig. 18. Evolution of the transient front to back ratio as a function of the number of antennas N in an N = n × n array: F/B ratio obtained with CST and with (2). 前後輻射波比與 n × n 陣列關係圖 (CST 模擬、公式分析 ) 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

23. Fig. 19. Evolution of the transient front to back ratio as a function of the number of antennas N in an N = n × n array: extrapolation. 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

24. The original Shark antenna presented in this paper is suitable for transient UWB applications such as high power UWB radiation source. It presents the following advantages: —miniature in two dimensions (height and width lower than λ /4 where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lower frequency of the bandwidth); —low dispersive; —well-matched through a bandwidth higher than a decade; —sectoral radiation pattern. An array constituted of more than 16 Shark antennas presents: —a high field range product; —a high transient front to back ratio. In order to limit fratricidal effects, the presented approach permits to estimate the transient front to back ratio that can be obtained according to the antenna number. 資料出處：Laurent Desrumaux, Adrien Godard, Michèle Lalande, Member, IEEE, Valérie Bertrand, Joël Andrieu, and Bernard Jecko “An Original Antenna for Transient High Power UWB Arrays: The Shark Antenna“ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 58, NO. 8, 2515-2522, AUGUST 2010

25. 雖然我對老師提供的這篇 paper 裡面很多的理論都不太明瞭，但至少一些基本的還看得懂。 這篇paper取用既有的bi-cone雙錐狀天線的優點：頻寬並加以改良成Shark antenna進而改善bi- cone全向性的特性而達到作者說需求的單向性輻射場型的特性，並使用了陣列的方式提高了天線的 性能。