1. FISH

2. Fish Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata
Class Agnatha ( Jawless Fish)
Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)

3. THROATS WITH GILL SLITS
Fish first appeared in the Earth’s oceans 540 MILLION years ago.
Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates
Characteristics:
SCALES
FINS
THROATS WITH GILL SLITS

4. LAMPREY

5. HAGFISH

6. JAWLES FISH
1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST!)
2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED FINS.
3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE.
Meaning these fish do not have any BONES.

7. JAWLESS FISH
4.) The main form of support these fish have is from the NOTOCHORD.
5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH

8. JAWLESS FISH
6.) LAMPREY has a suction-cup mouth, which is surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to a fish and scrapes away at the fish’s skin.
The lamprey then sucks up the TISSUES of its victim!

9. JAWLESS FISH
7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLES that sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ for TOUCH.
8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by TEARING out pieces of the fish with its tongue and teeth-like structures.

10. TIGER SHARK

11. GREAT WHITE SHARK

12. BULLNOSED RAY

13. CARTILAGENOUS FISH
1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly include SHARKS, RAYS, and SKATES.
2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of CARTILAGE
with toothlike SCALES covering their bodies (makes their skin feel like sandpaper).
3.) The body of a shark includes:
a. TORPEDO-SHAPED BODY
b. CURVED TAIL
c. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH UNDERNEATH

14. CARTILAGENOUS FISH
4.) Sharks have 3,000 very long teeth arranged in many rows inside its mouth.
5.) Sharks that eat MOLLUSCS and CRUSTACEANS have FLATTENED teeth that help them CRUSH the shells of their prey.
6.) The bodies of skates and rays are FLAT.

15. CARTILAGENOUS FISH
7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE, BROAD fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these fins to MOVE through the water.
8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOOR where they HIDE by using their fins to cover their bodies with sand.
9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINE at the end of their long, thin tail, which is mainly used for DEFENSE rather than for catching PREY.

16. ROCK BASS

17. BROOK TROUT

18. BLUEGILL SUNFISH

19. CARP

20. FLATHEAD CATFISH

21. NORTHERN PIKE

22. STRIPED BASS

23. COELACANTH

24. YELLOW PERCH

25. ATLANTIC SALMON

26. BONY FISH 1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of HARD BONE.
2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes:
a.) LOBE- FINNED bony fishes
b.) RAY- FINNED bony fishes

27. 3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include PERCHES and SEA HORSES.
4.) COELACANTHS are the only living species of lobe-finned bony fishes.

28. 5.) Bony fishes have an SWIM BLADDER.
This gas-filled sac gives bony fishes BUOYANCY or the ability to FLOAT in water.
By inflating or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can float at DIFFERENT levels in the water.

29. So why do fish “belly up” when they die?

30. 6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS.

31. 1.) Circulatory System:
CLOSED circulatory system, where BLOOD is contained within blood vessels.
GILLS will provide the oxygen
Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body: ATRIA
Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body: VENTRICLE

33. 2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Tube-like KIDNEYS that filter nitrogen-containing WASTES from the blood.
Most fishes get rid of the nitrogen-containing wastes in the form of AMMONIA.
This accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check the water quality of your aquariums!

34. AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE

35. 3.) SENSORY DETECTION
Since fishes do not hear sounds very well, fish can detect faint CURRENTS and VIBRATIONS in the water through a “ DISTANT - TOUCH” system.
Many fishes have a great sense of smell and taste. A shark can detect the presence of one drop of BLOOD in 115 liters of seawater.

36. FISH REPRODUCTION EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
The female lays EGGS in water, and the MALE will cover the eggs in sperm to allow for fertilization OUTSIDE of the body.
Examples: SALMON

37. FISH REPRODUCTION INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
Fertilization will take place in the female’s body and the female will lay a FERTILIZED egg.
Examples: SHARKS

38. AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

39. FRESHWATER VS. MARINE FISH