1. Bell Ringer
Muscle Facts: You can write your answer on the back of the word search or other scrap paper
How many skeletal muscles do we have in our body?
How many muscles does it take to smile? To frown?
How many muscles does the tongue have?
How do we create muscle memory?
What is the strongest muscle in relation to the job it does?
What percentage of our total body weight do muscles make up?

2. What does the muscular system do?
Unit 2: Muscular System
What does the muscular system do?

3. Objectives
Content Objective: The students will be able to compare and contrast the three types of muscle; smooth, cardiac and skeletal by creating and comparing posters in order to determine the factors that differentiate them on their notes. Language Objective: The students will be able to determine key information while reading a short paragraph describing various types of muscle in order to create a poster that teaches the class one of the three muscle fibers.

5. Purpose of the Muscular System
Muscle attaches to __bone__ in order to move our skeletal system
Muscle help you to move. Muscles cannot push but they can pull on your bones in order for you to make movements such as talking, walking, smiling, etc.

6. Two Types of Muscles Voluntary Involuntary Muscles you can control
Most of them work to move your bones
The brain sends a message to your muscles to relax or contract depending on the movement you want to do
Muscles you can not control
The brain does not need to send these muscles a message
They know their job and they automatically do it
Examples:
Muscles in your heart
Muscles in your digestive system
Tiny muscles on the bottom of your hairs that makes your hair stand up when you are cold/scared

7. Three Types of Muscles In your group….
Read the handout on your type of muscle
Create a poster that includes:
Muscle Type Name
Identify if it is a voluntary or involuntary muscle
How they contract
Where they are located
Draw a picture of what it looks like

8. Are Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal Muscles Voluntary or Involuntary?
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Voluntary
We think about the movement that we want to do and our brain sends that message to the muscles to contract which pulls on our bones to make them move.
Involuntary
We do not think about digesting food, expanding or relaxing our bladder, or breathing
Involuntary
We do not think about making sure our heart pumps 100,000 times a day

9. How do Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Contract?
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Muscles attach to bones via tendons so that when the muscle contracts it causes the bone to move at the joint
Skeletal muscle is striated and has a circular arrangement
Smooth muscles can contract in all directions because the muscle fibers lay in different directions
Similar to skeletal muscles in that the muscle is striated. Pacemaker cells and the nervous system cause this muscle to contract.

10. What do Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Look Like?
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle

11. Where Are Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles Found?
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone
Any muscle that attaches to bone is a skeletal muscle
Examples: Biceps, Triceps, Pectoralis, Latissimus Dorsi, Abdominals
Found in hollow parts of your body
Examples: Stomach, intestines, blood vessels, bladder, female/male reproductive system, respiratory tract, iris of the eye
ONLY located in the heart

12. Skeletal Muscle
These muscles are VOLUNTARY ~ you control these muscles.
These muscles are connected to your bones
Provide movements such as RUNNING, EYE MOVEMENTS, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, etc. possible.
There are 650 individual SKELETAL muscles and make up 40% of your body weight.

13. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are involuntary
They are located around the hollow parts of your body.
Example: stomach, intestines, blood vessels, bladder, etc.
These muscles help in respiration & digestion. (functions that happen automatically)
These muscles can contract in all directions because the muscle fibers lay in different directions.

14. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is involuntary
The cardiac muscle is found in your HEART and never fatigues!
It contracts automatically & squeezes the walls of the heart inward.
The heart beats about 100,000 times per day.

15. Functions of Muscles
What were the functions identified for the skeletal system?
Do you think any of those functions are the same for our muscular system?
Talk with the person sitting next to you about what functions you think the muscular system serves.
What did you and your partner identify?

16. Functions of Muscles Posture
In your opinion how do muscles provide posture?
What is posture?
What muscles are primarily responsible for holding our posture?
Definition: The position of the limbs or the carriage of the body
How Do Muscles Provide Posture?
Muscles contract to hold the body still or in a particular position
The muscles responsible for posture have the greatest endurance of all skeletal muscles
They are responsible for holding up the body throughout the day without tiring
The core (abs, pelvis, and lower back, hip flexors) are primarily responsible for providing posture

17. Functions of Muscles Cont.
2. Movement:
In your opinion, thinking about what we talked about with the skeletal system, how do muscles provide movement?
Which type of muscles allow for movement?
How do muscles provide movement?
Muscles are the only tissue in the body that are capable of contracting and therefore move other parts of the body
Muscles connect to bones by ligaments
Muscle fibers convert chemical energy into movement
Skeletal Muscles
Example: Biceps

18. Functions of Muscles Cont.
3. Stabilize Joints
What does the word stabilize mean?
What do we already know about joints?
In your opinion, how do muscles stabilize joints?
Definition: To make or hold stable, firm
How do muscles stabilize at the joints?
Muscles limit movement at the joint and/or provide balance at the joint to make it more stable
Muscle tone is essential for providing stability at the joint
Example: Weak muscles around your shoulder or knee allow them to dislocate more easily

19. Functions of Muscles Cont.
4. Vital Functions
What does the word vital mean?
In your opinion, what are vital functions that muscles provide?
Think of the three types of muscles discussed
Definition: Necessary to Life
What are vital functions that muscles provide?
Cardiac muscles involuntarily contract to allow our heart to pump blood
Cardiac muscle contracts to pump blood to the rest of our body and relaxes to fill the heart up with blood
When air is drawn into the lungs, the muscles of the diaphragm contract which allows air to inflate the lungs
When the diaphragm contracts involuntarily and air is inhaled at the same time, the space at the back of the vocal chords in the throat closes and causes hiccups
Moves food through the digestive system