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Published byRoy Sherman Modified over 9 years ago
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Muscular System
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Muscles are contractile organs responsible for the voluntary and involuntary movements of animals.
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Types of Muscle Skeletal Muscle – Allow for all voluntary movement – Appears to be striated under a microscope Cardiac Muscle – Controls the involuntary beating of the heart – Appears striated under a microscope Smooth Muscle – Responsible for all other involuntary movement, such as breathing, digesting, peristalsis, blinking, etc.
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Movement Ambulation – Moving from one place to another Abduction – Moving away from the median plane Adduction – Moving towards the median plane Flexion – Moving the distal part of the limb towards the body Extension – Moving the distal part of the limb away from the body
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Muscle Function All muscles can do is CONTRACT of RELAX – Generally work in pairs Agonist-Prime mover of a joint Antagonist-Opposes movement of the agonist Example – Elbow flexion Agonist Bicep Antagonist Tricep
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Major Muscles Masseter-Superficial muscle of the cheek Trapezius-Superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder Latissimus dorsi-Long, superficial, dorsal muscle that attaches the humerus to the lumbar region of the back. Abdominal obliques-Large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs
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Major Muscles Gluteals-Large muscle of the upper hindquarters. Biceps femoris-lateral superficial muscle, one of the three which forms the “hamstrings” Biceps brachii-primary flexor of the elbow joint Triceps brachii-primary extensor of the elbow joint Pectorals-Primary adductors of the forelimbs Serratus ventralis-attaches forelimb to the trunk
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Masseter Brachiocephalicus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinous Intercostal Triceps brachii Deltoid Gluteals Trapezius Latissimus dorsi External abdominal oblique Pectorals
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