1. Electromyography

2. EMG Measures a muscle’s electric potential Surface EMG
Intramuscular EMG

3. Muscles!!!
Motor Unit:
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

4. Muscles!!! Contraction State of mechanical activity.
Either isotonic or isometric.
Triggered when a nerve impulse at neuromuscular junction causes acetylcholine to spread over the muscle surface/sarcolemma as an electrical depolarization.

5. Neuromuscular Junctions (my favorite!... Seriously.)

6. Video

7. Muscle Types Cardiac Skeletal Smooth Striated Involuntary Voluntary
Non-striated

8. Fatigue 2 Types: Muscle Fatigue: Central or Psychological Fatigue:
Exercising muscle can no longer respond to stimulation with the same degree of contractile activity.
Central or Psychological Fatigue:
CNS no longer adequately activates the motor neurons supplying the working muscles.

9. EMG Shape Indicates: Used to diagnose neuropathies and myopathies
Composition of motor units, number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit, muscle type, health, etc.
Used to diagnose neuropathies and myopathies

10. EMG Neuropathy: Myopathy:
An AP amplitude 2x normal due to increase # of fibers/motor unit because of re-innervation of de-innervated fibers.
Increase in duration of AP.
Decrease # of motor units in muscle.
Myopathy:
Decrease duration of AP.
Reduction in area to amplitude ratio of AP.

11. Myotonia Congenita Fainting goats
Abnormality of Cl- channels. They can’t act as buffers against APs; muscles relax slowly.
Cold makes condition worse.
Cl- channels don’t open fast enough after AP to get membrane potential back to negative.

12. Methods Should be in PAST tense!
Should be DETAILED. How many trials did you run? How long was each? How did you measure the cues? What are the data you collected?
DATA IS A PLURAL WORD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
These data were recorded using the labscribe program.

13. A GREAT answer!
Reflexes to auditory stimuli occur faster than reflexes to visual stimuli. This is due to the neural pathways for visual and auditory systems being different. Auditory receptors are ionotropic in that the stimulus is translated into an electrical signal, while the visual receptors are metabotropic, which translates the stimulus into a chemical signal (Hill 2008).
DO NOT CITE ME!!!!

14. HOMEWORK!!!! Answer all questions.
Write a methods and results section.
Make sure to check my rubric (Will be posted on the website!). I will use it to grade assignments from this point forward.
Be thorough. My grading gets harder, not easier as the semester progresses.