1. How many people visited a beach this summer? How much of the earth’s surface is covered with oceans?

2. 75% of the earth is covered with water All the oceans are interconnected Different marine ecosystems exist that support different life forms Different freshwater ecosystems exist that support plants and animals What aim does this suggest?

3. Aim Why do different marine ecosystems exist?

4. Oceans Over billions of years, minerals from rocks leached into the water and were washed into the ocean Ocean temperatures vary all around the world Oceans near the equator are warm, like the tropical terrestrial biomes that are there Oceans near the arctic are cold or freezing

5. How does the amount of light change as the ocean gets deeper? There is lots of light on the surface, but rapidly gets less as you get deeper Phytoplankton are the major producers found in the ocean. Why are phytoplankton found near the surface of the ocean. Because they need sunlight for energy for photosynthesis

6. How will organisms that live below the zone of photosynthesis obtain nutrients.? Animals (fish, insects, etc) are all heterotrophs/consumers and they eat plants that fall down or eat other animals found deep in the ocean

7. How are the oceans divided into zones?

8. Marine biomes Oceans 1. intertidal zone- shoreline, covered with water at high tide and uncovered at low tide There are the animals that you sometimes find on the shore Seaweed, snails, seagulls, crabs

9. Marine biome Littoral zone- ocean surface, shallow waters Filled with light, producers live here, like algae Lots of nutrients available so many different heterotrophs live here Worms, mollusks (clams, oysters) and fish

10. Marine biome Open ocean - medium deep Abyssal zone – deep ocean Limited photosynthesis and producers, so limited animals, only ones that have adapted to this environment (giant squid, octopus) Live in darkness

11. Diagram of marine zones

12. Coral reef Corals are polyp-like animals, related to jellyfish, that live in colonies and release a calcium carbonate skeleton around themselves As corals grow, they leave behind the skeleton and it becomes the reef Photosynthetic dinoflagellates live within corals. How can you characterize the relationship of the corals and the dinoflagellates? Symbiotic relationship

13. HW reminders per 1/2 Terrestrial biomes chart due Friday Lab #8 due Wednesday Group project Slides due Wednesday Bottle biology ecosystem lab report due in class mostly done on Thursday, final version to hand in on Friday Lab on Friday