1. The Reagan Years 1981-1989

2. Before National Politics Goldwater speech 1964

3. Realignment New Deal Coalition  Democratic South  African-Americans  Union members  Urban North  Immigrant/newer ethnic groups  Farmers Reagan Coalition  Midwest small towns  Wealthiest Americans  Hawks on foreign policy  Blue Collar in North and Midwest (union and non- union)  White Southerners  Evangelicals  Yuppies

4. Reagan Public Approval Ratings

5. Reagan Media Strategy  Bully Pulpit  Stage Events in Controlled Settings  Feed the Media  Consistency of Message  Selling the President  Popularity is Power

6. 1980 Election  Republican Ronald Regan defeats Dem Jimmy Carter  Conservative Revolution  Polarizing figure  Great Orator

7. " The Afghan Mujaheddin are the moral equivalent of the Founding Fathers of America "

8. Economic Philosophy OLD  Keynesian Economics  “Demand Side” Economics  New Deal NEW  Chicago School  “Supply Side” Economics  Reaganomics (The Reagan Revolution)

9. Survives Assassination Attempt

10. Characteristics  “Trickle Down” Econ = supply-side  “Traditional American values” Hard work, Family, God & patriotism  Wanted “smaller government” Less taxes, less rules, less social programs (cuts to student loans, food stamps, mass transit)

11. Reaganomics  “Voodoo Economics?”  Cut Taxes (Especially for Wealthy)  Huge cuts to SOCIAL programs but increased DEFENSE budget spending = DEFICIT

12. Deregulation  Cut taxes & lessened rules for corporations Ex. – Automobile Safety Regulations  Businesses supported his policies  Labor Unions opposed his policies  Inflation down, wages down, markets up, exports down  “Yuppies” v Middle Class

13. Economic Outcomes  Tried to balance Federal Budget but failed  Trade Deficit = more imports than exports  Gap grows between rich & poor

14. Important Events  Air Traffic Controllers Strike  Appointment of Sandra Day O’Connor to Supreme Court  Recession of 1981-82  SDI = “Star Wars”  Reelected in ’84 Mondale/Ferrara (1 st WVP)

15. Sandra Day O’Connor

17. Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan’s SDI speech, March 23, 1983SDI From: http://www.milnet.com/pentagon/spacecom/sdi.gif

19. Other Issues & Terms  Crack-Cocaine Crack babies Inner-city epidemic  “Thousands Points of Light”  AIDS  Black Monday Stock Market Crash – Oct 19, 1987

20. “War on Drugs” – Nancy Reagan, “Just Say No”

21. Civil Rights?  Vetoed sanctions on South Africa but overridden (Apartheid)  Opposed MLK Holiday but signed into law

22. Student Rights…or lack there of  New Jersey v. TLO

23. Student Rights…or lack there of  Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

24. Challenger 1986

25. I want my MTV

26. The Mets Win!

27. Rising tide of terrorism (Pan- Am Flight 103)

28. Afghanistan Mujahadin

29. " The Afghan Mujaheddin are the moral equivalent of the Founding Fathers of America " Ronald Reagan

30. Reagan’s View of the USSR Speech to National Association of Evangelicals: “Evil Empire” speech, March 10, 1983 “Evil Empire”

31. The Ultimate Example  Berlin 1987 Berlin 1987 (from 50 seconds)

32. 2. Viet Nam Syndrome  Fall of Saigon, April 29, 1975

33. Solution to Viet Nam Syndrome: Use Force  Libya 1981

34. Other foreign interventions  Grenada 83 – overthrow of communist regime by marines  Lebanon – Arab suicide bomber kills 63 Americans in Beirut, trucks bomber kills 200+ marines  Support for “friendly” right-wind dictators Nicaragua – support for Contras over Sandinistas – Dems cut funding in 85 (Boland Amendment)

35. Continued  El Salvador – 5 Billion Dollars to Salvadoran death squads – 40,000 civilians killed including American missionaries

36. Grenada 1983

37. Beirut 1983

38. Solution to Communism: Reagan Doctrine Nicaragua Contras

39. Case Study of Reagan Doctrine Nicaragua

40. Revolution in Nicaragua  Anastasio Somoza Pres. of Nicaragua  Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinistas

41. Contras

42. Iran-Contra Scandal  Iran-Iraq War  US sends weapons to “Contras” in Nicaragua  Used $ from sale of weapons to Iran  Colonel Oliver North  No proof of President's involvement ever found

43. Key Phrase of 2 nd Boland Amendment: (1984-1986)Boland Amendment  ''No funds available to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense or any other agency or entity of the United States involved in intelligence activities may be obligated or expended for the purpose or which would have the effect of supporting, directly or indirectly, military or paramilitary operations in Nicaragua by any nation, group, organization, movement or individual.'‘ From: NY TIMES on line: http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra-hearings- text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1; For Excerpts and explanation, from US Government Accountability Office – GAO, http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.phphttp://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra-hearings- text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.php

44. The Iran Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ $$$ Hostages weapons Swiss bank accounts; controlled by North Contras Israel Iran US

45. The Iran Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ $$$ Hostages weapons Swiss bank accounts; controlled by North Contras Israel Iran US

47. Iran Contra  Comparison to other scandals Comparison  When Congress tries to restrain presidential actions Ignore Congress Reinterpret the law

48. Showdown w/ USSR  Increased Military Spending  Forced Soviet Union into arms race  Soviets run out of $  Reagan & Gorbachev (Soviet Leader) sign Nuclear Arms Reduction Treaty (1987)  “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

49. Political/Cultural Effects

51. Berlin Wall 1989

52. August 1991 and the Fall of USSR Boris Yeltsin

53. Legacy  Decreased Taxes / Cut Social Programs. Economic Prosperity (Esp. For Wealthy) REAGONOMICS  Helped end communism in Russia / spent billions on military DEFICIT  Intervened in Latin America and Afghanistan to stop communism / aided brutal people  Iran Contra furthered Distrust of Government