1. COLLECTIVE RIGHTS
CHAPTER 4

2. CHAPTER 4 QUIZ – TAKE HOME ; DUE FRIDAY
COLLECTIVE RIGHTS
CHAPTER 4
QUIZ – TAKE HOME ; DUE FRIDAY

3. Thought experiment What if all other provinces spoke French
All business transactions, bosses…
Education….
And yet the language of the majority was different?

5. PROLOGUE 1960s QUIET REVOLUTION
Economic nationalism
Pride in French Language
1961 – Tommy Douglas, Saskatewan Premier, passes Medical Care Act
Becomes leader of NDP in 1961
1966 Canada passed Medical Care Act
TRUDEAU’S EARLY YEARS
JUSTICE MINISTER 1967 for Lester B. Pearson
Liberalized homosexual, abortion and lottery laws
Against Quebec Nationalism, for Canadian Federalism > TRUDEAUMANIA

6. 1968 Election First televised National Debate (English only)
Pierre Elliot Trudeau wins, win a “mandate for national unity”
1984: Federal party leaders John Turner, Brian Mulroney and Ed Broadbent meet in the first televised election debate conducted in French.
The first televised English debate was held in the 1968 election. Pierre Trudeau's Liberals won decisively in 1968, doubling the seat total of the second place Progressive Conservatives. The Liberals took 152 seats, Progressive Conservatives 72, New Democratic Party 22, Social Credit 14 and one seat going to an Independent.

7. TRUDEAU & the 1969 White Paper
Federalism
1969 White Paper on Indian Policy
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and
Minister of Indian Affairs, Jean Chrétien
unveiled a policy paper that proposed ending the special legal relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the Canadian state and dismantling the Indian Act.

8. TRUDEAU: 1968-79, 1980-84 Federalism 1969 Official Language Act
Official Languages Act (1969), federal statute that declares French and English to be the official languages of Canada, and under which all federal institutions must provide their services in English or French at the customer's choice.

9. TRUDEAU: 1968-79, 1980-84 1969 Official Language Act Reaction:
English Canada, especially out West, is not exactly bilingual….the federalist vision is questioned

10. RESULT OF 1970 OCTOBER CRISIS
Separatist movement seeks change via political means
Violence is condemned
Disassociation with radicals
Association with labour
Social-democrat & separatists
Quebec nationalism rising
Other parts of Canada cautious about gov’t

11. 1972 Election - CANADA 1972 Trudeau wins, but loses the majority
Tommy Douglas steps down from NDP party leadership, but stays in gov’t until 1979
Trudeau Forms a minority gov’t with support of the NDP

12. 1972 Election - USA 1972 Nixon wins over Mc Govern
Found to abuse & intimidate opponents by using CIA, FBI, IRS, concealed tapes – “watergate scandal”
Corruption is widespread, 69 people are charged
Resigns in 1974

13. 1974 – BOURASSA & BILL 22
BILL 22
made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace.

14. 1976 Québec election
Anglophone and ethnic groups thought the language tests imposed by the law were unjust
Bourassa Calls an election
René Lévesque & the  Parti Québécois sweep Quebec
..much to the consternation of Trudeau’s aims for a bilingual, united country

15. 1979 Election: Tories take it
Liberals are under fire: Canadian labour economy is stalled
Unemployment
Inflation
Liberals lose the election and Trudeau resigns
Joe Clark is youngest PM in Canadian history, just 39

16. …but not for long Minority government, unsupported by NDP
Privatization of Petro-Canada, mortage tax credit, and austerity financing platform
Vote of non-confidence in the budget topples the government in March 1980
Government in power only 7 months….

17. 1980 Trudeau wins a majority government
Reminds people of Canadian federalism just in time for…

18. 1980 Québec Referendum
Lévesque promises a vote for Québec to secede from Canada
3.7 million ppl vote, 85% turnout
NO/ NON – 59%
YES/OUI – 40%

19. TRUDEAU & The Charter 1982
Trudeau talks about a new constitution for Canada, completely free of Britain
Talks dominate politics
1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Official Languages
Minority Language Rights
Language Education Rights
Jean Chrétien, Justice Minister, helps to craft the Charter
**LEVESQUE DOES NOT SIGN**

20. Dancing Around the Table
The Trudeau government pledged to hold constitutional conferences on the issue of Aboriginal rights
following the repatriation of the Constitution.
The conferences that took place between 1983 and 1985 
“loud, noisy, and vulgar”

21. 1984 – Resignation & Election
Trudeau steps down after a decade of economic turmoil
“this is the first day of the rest of my life”
FIRST FRENCH TV DEBATE
Tories take power
Brian Mulroney is PM
GST, FTA, NAFTA
$olution is the global market

22. 1987 Meech Lake Accord Distinct Society
Mulroney tries to get Québec to sign Constitution with these revisions:
Distinct Society
The Accord recognized the province of Québec as a distinct society within Canada. At the same time, it recognized as fundamental characteristics of Canada both the anglophone minority in Québec, and the francophone minority elsewhere.

23. 1987 Meech Lake Accord Increased Provincial Powers
Mulroney tries to get Québec to sign Constitution with these revisions:
Increased Provincial Powers
Can opt out of federal programs if there is a provincial equivalent
Nominate people to Senate & Supreme Court
joint or parallel jurisdiction over immigration
Pierre Trudeau comes out of retirement to lead the attack on the Accord, accusing Mulroney of having "sold out" to the provinces. 

24. 1987 Meech Lake Accord Québec is re-offended
Had to be signed by all 10 premiers
within 3 years
Manitoba and Newfoundland & Labrador do not sign
Meech Lake Accord Fails
Québec is re-offended
Nationalism starts up again
Le Bloc Québécois is formed to advocate for Québéc in federal politics

25. 1993 Election Gilles Duceppe is leader Jean Chrétien is Prime Minister
Le Bloc Québécois sweeps federal polls, winning 54 out of 75 seats
Gilles Duceppe is leader
Mulroney is accused of selling out
Canada to America
Kim Campbell is PM for a few months
Jean Chrétien is Prime Minister

26. 1995 Québec Referendum Vote for Québec to secede from Canada
VERY CLOSE:
No/Non – 50.58%
1998 Supreme Court ruled against unilateral province secession – negotiations instead
Chrétien embroiled in Sponsorship scandal – gov’t $pending on the NO vote, $ going to liberal party, all sorts of $ problems in Quebec

27. 1997 – Calgary Declaration
Chrétien makes a motion to recognize distinct society - anywhere
“The Calgary Declaration, which was presented for discussion in 1997 by all the provincial premiers except Québec’s, recognized the unique character of Québec society
but added the condition that all the provinces would be equal and would receive whatever was given to Québec by virtue of the interpretation of the “distinct society” clause.
All the provincial legislatures adopted the Calgary Declaration except Québec’s National Assembly.”

28. Epilogue
Chrétien cuts the deficit and federal spending to the provinces
Says NO TO IRAQ
Re-elected three terms
Brought down by the inside – people supported Paul Martin, the Finance Minister, instead

29. Epilogue Jack Layton’s NDP sweeps Québéc
2003 Chrétien steps down, Paul Martin is elected PM
Liberal brand tainted by scandal, lack-lustre
2008 – Harper with majority is elected, Bloc has 49 seats – $olution is global
2011 – Harper with minority, Bloc is destroyed with 4 seats, Liberals only 33
Jack Layton’s NDP sweeps Québéc
NDP is the Official Opposition
Jack Layton RIP 2011
Justin Trudeau is Liberal leader
ELECTION: 2015