1. President Richard Nixon says farewell to members of his cabinet and staff in the White House East Room following his resignation (August 9, 1974). NEXT President Nixon governs a divided nation, the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis, and Presidents Ford and Carter attempt to solve the nation’s problems. Years of Doubt, 1969–1981

2. NEXT SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 Nixon Confronts Problems Watergate Brings Down Nixon Issues of the Seventies Years of Doubt, 1969–1981

3. NEXT President Richard M. Nixon faces the challenge of governing a deeply divided America. Section 1 Nixon Confronts Problems

4. A Divided America NEXT President Richard M. Nixon wants to focus on foreign policy 1 SECTION Faces U.S. torn apart by inflation, racial issues, Vietnam Nixon Confronts Problems Wants to cut running of U.S. government, states do more activities Vetoes Democratic bills, cuts education funds, low-income housing Revenue sharing—U.S. returns tax money to state, local governments

5. NEXT 1 SECTION President Nixon promises to end social unrest, restore law, order Directs CIA, FBI to investigate his political enemies Wants U.S. government crackdown to reduce crime, protests Appoints 4 conservative justices to Supreme Court, wants them to: -have strict interpretation of law to reduce crime Law-and-Order Politics

6. NEXT 1 SECTION Under President Johnson, government spends a lot, does not raise taxes Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)—Arab-run group Nixon cuts spending, stops wage, price increases, inflation drops briefly Causes recession, inflation, unemployment increases OPEC raises prices, cuts oil to U.S. to protest U.S. support of Israel A Troubled Economy U.S. gas prices quadruple, inflation, unemployment soar Map

7. Nixon Eases the Cold War NEXT 1 SECTION Nixon’s main foreign-policy goal is world stability Visit opens diplomacy, trade with Chinese Nixon’s advisor Henry Kissinger arranges Nixon visit to China (1972) Soviets invite Nixon to Moscow, Soviet/American relations improve U.S., Soviets sign Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT): -limits each country’s nuclear weapons Détente— French word, easing of tension between rivals Image

8. NEXT Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis that forces him to resign. Section 2 Watergate Brings Down Nixon

9. The 1972 Presidential Election NEXT 2 SECTION Diplomatic successes give Nixon Republican nomination for reelection Nixon easily defeats McGovern for president Nixon’s Democratic opponent is liberal senator George McGovern Watergate Brings Down Nixon

10. The Watergate Scandal NEXT 2 SECTION People working for Nixon engage in illegal activities Nixon, aids break law to cover up Watergate, want to avoid scandal 5 men caught breaking into Democratic headquarters, Watergate office: -linked to Nixon’s Committee to Reelect the President Senate begins investigating Watergate (February 1973) Nixon, aids cover up of Watergate, other crimes—Watergate scandal Image

11. Nixon Resigns NEXT 2 SECTION Senate Watergate investigation closes in on president’s advisors: -H.R. Haldeman -John Ehrlichman -John Mitchell -John Dean President Nixon pays illegal “hush money” to keep burglars quiet Dean claims Nixon involved in cover-up, Nixon denies Continued... Image

12. NEXT 2 SECTION White House aid claims Nixon taped incriminating conversations Vice-president Agnew accepts bribes, Gerald Ford named vice-president continued Nixon Resigns Watergate committee approves impeachment charges of Nixon Nixon releases tapes, hard evidence, Nixon resigns (Aug. 9, 1974) Vice-president Gerald Ford sworn in as president Watergate causes many Americans to lose faith in government, leaders Image

13. NEXT Section 3 Issues of the Seventies Presidents Ford and Carter have a difficult time solving the nation’s problems after Watergate.

14. Ford Takes Over NEXT President Ford wants to restore confidence in the presidency 3 SECTION Pardons Nixon, popularity drops, economic plan fails Negotiates Helsinki Accords with European nations, Canada which: -spells out basic human rights for citizens of signer nations Issues of the Seventies Ford loses presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter (1976) Carter promises honesty in government, support for human rights Chart

15. Carter as President 3 SECTION President Carter shows he is one of the people, political outsider Carter sets up treaties that give Panama Canal to Panama in 2000 National energy plan gets little support, fails to help economy NEXT Negotiates Camp David Accords (1978): -Egypt, Israel sign 1st peace treaty between Israel, Arab nation -ends 30 years of conflict

16. The Environmental Movement Begins 3 SECTION Environmentalism—work to protect environment, gets much notice, 1960s Nixon, Ford, Carter all propose environmental laws, help environment In 1969, a huge oil spill increases cry for tougher environmental laws Biologist Rachel Carson writes about dangers of pesticides (1962) NEXT Accident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, disaster averted

17. Reagan and the Conservatives Win NEXT 3 SECTION Muslims overthrow Shah of Iran, Shah comes to U.S. for medical reasons Poor economy, hostage crisis make Carter unpopular Carter’s negotiations with Iran’s leader for release of hostages fails Angry about Shah, Iranians take 52 U.S. hostages—Iran hostage crisis Republican Ronald Reagan wins presidential election (1980) Carter wins release of hostages who leave Iran day Reagan inaugurated Image

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