1. Chapter 16 Answers

2. People Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and inhuman portrayal of the seperation of slave families. Father, Lyman Beecher. William Lloyd Garrison: Militant abolitionist who published anti- slavery newspaper Liberator, triggered war of words, American anti- slavery Society Denmark Vesey: Free black, Charleston in 1822, 30 followers captured. David Walker: Black militant abolitionist, Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the Word (1829) advocated bloody end to white supremacy. Nat Turner: 1831 led uprising killed 60 Virginians, mostly women and children. Sojourner Truth/ “Isabella”: Black female abolitionist, condemned the sin of slavery

3. People (Cont.) Theodore Dwight Weld: Convert of evangelical Charles Finney in the New York Burned-Over District in the 1820s who later trained under Lyman Beecher. Organized the “Lane Rebels” who fanned out in Old Northwest to preaching antislavery gospel. Hugely successful pamphleter (American Slavery as It Is) who influence Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Frederick Douglass: Self-educated orator, greatest of the black abolitionists. Flexibly practical. Turned to political activism. Arthur and Lewis Tappan: New Yorkers who represented early efforts of abolitionists. They funded the studies of Theodore Weld in the 1830’s. Elija P. Lovejoy: Martyr abolitionist signaled the drastic measures of slave supporters in the North who were tired of the abolition tongue- lashings pr Garrisonian abolition because they would lose economically if slavery limited in the south. John Quincy Adams: As Representative, fought against southern Gag Resolution which limited freedom petition

4. How did slavery affect whites? Slave Owners Profits pushed to slave owners to Gulf region Profits pushed to slave owners to Gulf region Oligarchy or Planter Aristocracy Oligarchy or Planter Aristocracy “Land butchery” led to monopoly “Land butchery” led to monopoly One-commodity economy One-commodity economy Very little immigration Very little immigration Non Slave Owners (“hillbillies”) ¾ southern whites no slave ¾ southern whites no slave Raised corn, hogs Raised corn, hogs Lived isolated, unhealthy lives but defenders of slavery Lived isolated, unhealthy lives but defenders of slavery Mountain Whites hated Planter Aristocracy Mountain Whites hated Planter Aristocracy Manufacturing and shipping in North Manufacturing and shipping in North

5. How did Blacks respond to slavery? Some purchased their freedom (1850’s) Maintained family and religion practices Slowed the pace of work “filched food from the big house” Sabotage Run away Rebellion (Vesey, Turner)

6. Characteristics of the Slave Culture Varied by region (1860 most in “black belt”) Worked long hours with no political or civil protections Floggings common Strong family ties Religious experience was Christian and African— “responsorial” style of preaching

7. Why did Southern view of slavery change? Southern “Positive Good” theory popular after 1830 (after VA emancipation proposal, Nat Turner, and Nullification Crisis) Supported by bible and the Constitution Supported by bible and the Constitution Barbaric Africans introduced to Christianity Barbaric Africans introduced to Christianity Master-slave relationship resembled that of a family Master-slave relationship resembled that of a family Southern slaves “happier” than northern wage slaves Southern slaves “happier” than northern wage slaves Grew intolerable of any questions of slavery

8. Were Abolitionist effective? The American Colonization Society sent 15,000 to Liberia Abolitionism stronger in south before 1830 Abolitionism stronger in north after 1830 British Abolitionism British Abolitionism 2 nd Great Awakening inspired abolitionists fight against the sin of slavery 2 nd Great Awakening inspired abolitionists fight against the sin of slavery Politically active with Liberty party (1840) and Free Soil Party (1848)—with mixed results However, for most northerners, abolitionism unpopular Slavery supported by the Constitution Slavery supported by the Constitution too many economic connections between north and south too many economic connections between north and south Weary of Garrisonians Weary of Garrisonians