1. PRESENTED BY KATIE BUELL FEBRUARY 5, 2014 History of School Choice

2. Overview Why School Choice? Why is it important? History of School Choice The School Choice Controversy What do you think?

3. Why School Choice? School choice allows parents to choose any school that would be the right fit for their child. Types of School Choice Vouchers Education Savings Account Tax-Credit Scholarships Individual Tax Credit/Deductions School Options Private Schools Charter Homeschool Online Learning Photo courtesy of www.edchoice.org WATCH THIS VIDEO!VIDEO

4. Timeline Colonial Era 19 th Century 1923 Meyer v. State of Nebraska 1925 Pierce v. Society of Sisters 1947 Everson v. Board of Education of Ewing Township 1955 The Role of Government in Education by Milton Friedman first tax deduction for education purposes (Minnesota) 1968 Board of Education v. Allen 1971 Lemon v. Kurtzman

5. Timeline Continued 1972 Modern voucher program launched 1973 Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist The first magnet schools were created in the late 60’s & 70’s! 1983 Mueller v. Allen 1985 1 st Dual Enrollment Program (Minnesota) Aguilar v. Felton 1986 Witter v. Washington Dept. of Services for the Blind 1987 Graduation Incentive Program (Minnesota) Tax deduction (Iowa) 1988 1 st statewide public school choice (Minnesota) 1990 1 st voucher program established (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) 1991 Educational CHOICE Charitable Trust

6. Timeline Continued 1992 1 st charter school (Minnesota) 1993 Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District 1995 Cleveland Scholarship and Tutoring Program 1997 Agostini v. Felton 1999 Educational tax credit (Illinois) 2 statewide voucher programs enacted (Florida) 2001 Approved tax credits for corporations (FL & PA) 2002 Zelman v. Simmons-Harris 2007 Parent Choice in Education Act (Utah) 2006 EDChoice (Ohio) 2006 had the largest number of parental choice programs enacted in a year !

7. SUPPORTERS OPPONENTS Competition will improve student and school performance Public (and a few private schools) would compete for same funding  Schools more motivated to improve Vouchers as “Life-Boats” Takes public funds away from schools most in need Low-income families may not be able to use vouchers Choice will be exercised by limited number of parents  “under-chosen” school in a hard place Tax-funded vouchers for religious schools violates 1 st Amendment The School Choice Controversy FOR DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES, WATCH THIS VIDEO!VIDEO

8. What do you think? Do you agree or disagree with the concept of school choice? Is it effective? Will school choice improve students’ learning achievement? Will school choice improve the quality of schools? Can you think of an alternative to school choice? Is there a better option? How do you think public dollars should be allocated?

9. References A Chronology of School Choice in the U.S. This scholarly article discussed the history of the school choice starting from the Colonial Era and all the way to 2008. After finishing this lesson, I found an updated article written by Kafer. I could not find the complete article, so I used the 2008 edition. This article was helpful to learn the chronological order of school choice in the U.S. This information can be found on the timeline slides. Kafer, K. (2008). A Chronology of School Choice in the U.S. Independence Institute, 1-12. http://www.commonsenseissues.com/assets/Uploads/marriage-achronologyofschoolchoice.pdf

10. References We Want School Choice. And We Want It Now! I found this video on YouTube. It is a presentation created by Senator Ted Cruz about the importance of school choice. I chose this video because I found his speech to be very inspirational. I also thought his video was a good start to the beginning of this lesson, as it introduced the subject topic well. Cruz, T. (2014). We Want School Choice. And We Want It Now!. Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=school%20choice%20good%20or%20bad&sm=3 http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=school%20choice%20good%20or%20bad&sm=3

11. References Choosing or Losing? The School Choice Controversy This was the first website I stumbled upon on my research about school choice. This article was connected with a video PBS created called School: The History of American Public Education. I found this article very interesting because I initially realize the controversy between whether or not parents should have the option of where their children went to school. I used this reference to show a comparison between the supporters and the opponents of school choice. PBS. (2001). Choosing or Losing? The School Choice Controversy. Retrieved from: http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/choice.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/choice.html

12. References What is School Choice? I used this website to get a better idea of the types of social choice and the possible schools students can possibly attend. I also thought the graphic was a great example of how everyone must work together and everyone must rely on one another in order to have our students to be successful. This website is a non-profit website in support of school choice. The webpage I looked about was entitled What is School Choice? Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice. (n.d.). What is School Choice?. Retrieved from: http://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/What-is- School-Choicehttp://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/What-is- School-Choice