1. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Chapter 8 Export cargo packaging, stowage, marking, and dangerous cargo shipments

2. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Topics covered in this chapter Factors influencing type of cargo packaging Types of packaging Stowage of cargo Marking of cargo Dangerous cargo Airway bill

3. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Factors influencing type of cargo Packaging represents a significant factor in cost analysis in international distribution. Efficient packaging reduces cost and effective consignment configuration improves stowage cargo space utilisation, thereby resulting in more cargo in the cubic space available. Study closely the 16 factors influencing the nature of packaging and the 5 strategic issues driving improvement.

4. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Types of packaging An increasing range of packaging now exists. Shippers must comprehend the type of packaging and their suitability for individual cargoes and transport modes. Shippers must evaluate a cost benefit analysis when formulating a distribution analysis. Containerisation reduces packaging needs. Analyse the three case studies and note the range of fork lift trucks. figure 8.2a and 8.2b, and international marking code symbols. figure 8.1

5. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Stowage of cargo The 4 factors described are a code of practise to adopt when developing a distribution strategy. Note the container stowage guidelines. Marking of cargo Give particular attention to the security implications

6. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Dangerous cargo A complex area which must be fully understood by shippers engaged in dangerous cargo shipments. Note the nine classes and the variations amongst different transport modes. Check the websites regarding any new regulations. Airway bill Comprehend the air freight dangerous cargo airway bill documentation and the road and rail conditions.

7. Use with Export Practice & Management Fifth Edition by Alan Branch ISBN 1–84480–081–4 © 2006 Alan Branch Key concepts Ensure you understand the following: Factors influencing type of cargo packaging – particular emphasis on the related type of packaging aligned to the cargo category. Types of packaging – especially cost benefit analysis. Stowage of cargo – note key factors when formulating stowage plan. Marking of cargo – have regard to security. Dangerous cargo – to the shipper engaged in this trade important to keep up to date on regulations and variations amongst transport modes. Airway bill – study the IATA dangerous goods regulations.