1. ANOREXIA NERVOSA AMONGST BALLERINAS By: Rebecca Vitale

2. THIS IS ME AS A BALLERINA

3. AND THESE ARE CONSIDERED NORMAL BALLERINAS..SEE THE DIFFERENCE?

4. AND JUST IN CASE YOU DON’T, HERE IS A BETTER COMPARISON..

5. WHAT IS ANOREXIA NERVOSA? Anorexia Nervosa is a common eating disorder that most often stems from a person’s extreme fear of gaining weight Individuals will try and maintain a weight far less than normal Extreme Measures: starvation, over exercising, bulimia

6. EMOTIONAL CAUSES Focuses on food as a scapegoat for their underlying emotional issues These issues may be an attempt to deal with perfectionism, self-control, or self-esteem issues Self-Esteem can be link to how thin they are

7. MEDICAL CONDITIONS In severe cases it can affect almost major organ systems in the body Children: Worse than in adult because child has not yet finished growing Height: can stunt growth Delayed Sexual development in girls May stop getting their menstrual periods Cardiac Orthopedic Gastrointestinal

8. SIGNS Severe weight loss Scant or absent menstrual periods Thinning Hair Dry skin Col or swollen Extremities Fatigue Low Blood Pressure Osteoporosis

9. P SYCHOLOGICAL AND B EHAVIORAL S IGNS Refusal to eat Memory loss Denial of seriousness of the issue OCD Depression

10. TREATMENT Combination of: Psychotherapy Family therapy Medication Person should be actively involved in treatment

11. BALLET AND ANOREXIA HISTORY Previous studies have documented the correlation of diagnosable eating disorders among ballet dancers compared to the general population Condition was 3 to 6 times higher among ballet dancers Conclusion: Prevalence of binge eating, self- induced vomiting, laxative use are elevated in dancers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjuXFG3zI-E

12. STUDY #1 Objective: explore the correlation of symptomatology among ballet dancers and individuals with restricting anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and no eating pathology Procedure: 30 participants were recruited from three ballet companies Interviews were performed to determine diagnosis Current and past history of weight change, binge eating, vomiting, laxative usage and exercise were obtained Results: 83% of dancers reported some form of eating pathology Small difference in levels of RAN and BN in dancers compared to control group Conclusion: Dancers are more similar to individuals with eating disorders than to control individuals. Dancers showed higher levels of symptomatology relating to anorexia than the control group, but had similar levels of anorexia compared to control group

13. STUDY #2 Objective: Examine the presence of anorexia nervosa-like symptoms in a group of 49 female ballet students from various school, and determine if the difference in schools is going to have an effect on the levels of anorexia over a period of time Procedure: Demographic and dietary history questionnaires were administered Interviews were conducted depending on the students Eating Attitude Test (EAT) “A case of anorexia was determined by systematically searching for the key individual diagnostic features.” Results: 4.1% of anorexia nervosa cases in the study Over 50% of the students were underweight and reported deliberate attempts to lose weight during the term Conclusion: Weight loss and anorexia symptoms can be attributed to not only a competitive environment but can vary according to performance expectations from each school.

14. OVERALL CONCLUSION Symptomatology pertaining to anorexia are directly correlated to high levels of competition to achieve a certain body shape EXPECTIONS MATTER! The results among ballerinas who are diagnosed with anorexia are slightly higher then non- ballerinas, but symptoms associated with anorexia are SIGNIFICATLY higher among ballerinas