1. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Charles H. Bronson COMMISSIONER Mosquito Control in the CDD Mosquito Control in the CDD Celebration Development District May 11, 2009

2. Discussion Topics  Reasons for Mosquito Control  Basic Biology  Methods of Mosquito Control  Surveillance: Key to Mosquito Control  Mosquito Control in Celebration

3. Reasons for Mosquito Control Disease Control  Dengue  West Nile Virus  St. Louis Encephalitis  Eastern Equine Encephalitis  Malaria

4. Reasons for Mosquito Control Disease Control  Malaria –3.2 billion people in 107 countries at risk of malaria –350 – 500 million clinical episodes/yr –1 million deaths/yr  Encephalitis –Costs 20K to 3 million for long term care

5. Reasons for Mosquito Control  Quality of Life –Mosquito attacks significantly reduce ability to enjoy outdoors – reduces recreational activity, tourism, etc.

6. Mosquito – Basic Biology Insects – Diptera Approximately 200 species in U.S. –Two wings, wings have scales. –Female mosquitoes' mouthparts form a long piercing-sucking proboscis. –Males have feathery antennae and mouthparts not suitable for piercing skin. – A mosquito's principal food is nectar or similar sugar source.

7. Mosquito – Basic Biology Female mosquitoes – take a blood meal for egg production Four stage life cycle Adapted for marginal environments Adapted for rapid increase in numbers Quickly overwhelm other predators

8. Mosquito – Basic Biology  Species vary in: – Preferred habitat – Preferred egg laying sites – Host Range – Times of peak activity – Preferred harborage – Ability (competence) to transmit disease  Results in – variability in control method effectiveness

9. Mosquito Species of Concern Ades taeniorhynchus Aedes aeqyptii Aedes sollicitans Ades albopictus Ades vexans Culex nigripalpus Culex quinquifasciatus Coquillattidia perterbans* Psorophora columbiae

10. Methods of Mosquito Control –`–` Source reduction Larvaciding Adulticiding

11. Methods of Mosquito Control Source reduction disrupts life cycle: –Prevent egg laying and development –Empty water receptacles –Drain standing water –Clean gutters –Abandoned cisterns?

12. Methods of Mosquito Control Ground Based Truck or Hand Aerial Liquid or Granular Larviciding

13. Methods of Mosquito Control Larvicides Larvicides ACTIVE INGREDIENTBRAND NAME TemephosAbate s-methopreneAltosid DiflubenzuronDimilin GB-1111Golden Bear Mono-molecular filmAgnique, Arosurf Bacillus thurigiensis israelensis Bti Bacillus sphaericusVectolex

14. Methods of Mosquito Control Adulticiding Ground Based: Aerial: Truck, Hand Thermal, ULV

15. Methods of Mosquito Control Adulticides Adulticides ACTIVE INGREDIENT BRAND NAME MalathionFyfanon NaledDibrom ChlorpyrifosDursban Natural Pyrethrins Pyrocide ResmethrinScourge Permethrin Bio-mist, Aqua Reslin SumithrinAnvil

16. Methods of Mosquito Control ULV – truck or aircraft High Pressure systems

17. Methods of Mosquito Control  Adulticiding –Droplet size of application important! –Too small – will not reach target –Too large – will fall out –Ideal = 15-20 microns – impacts mosquitoes

18.  Adulticiding “Timing of Application” –Must be done when adults mosquitoes active –Usually dusk/dawn/night –Avoid times/places bees are active –Aquaculture Methods of Mosquito Control

19.  Biological Controls –Bats –Birds (Blue Marlin) –Insect Predators –Mosquito Fish (Gambusia)

20. Methods of Mosquito Control Surveillance! What is the Basis of Successful Mosquito Control?

21. Mosquito Control Surveillance Surveillance - Defines nature and extent of problem (numbers and species) -Basis for determining when/how to treat -Used to determine efficacy/need for retreatment -Chapter 5E-13, FAC changed to require surveillance to justify spraying

22. Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques:  Telephone requests –“Battle is already lost” –Reflects only actively biting adults –Calls need to be logged in and mapped (identified) –Over time a historical record can be developed

23. Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques:  Landing rate counts –Record number per minute –What number justifies spraying? –No-repellant can be worn! –Ethical issues – worker exposure to disease carrying mosquitoes

24. Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques:  Trapping –Light traps – CDC & New Jersey –Baited (CO 2 or octenol) –Un-baited  Location important!  Truck traps  Suction traps

25. Mosquito Control Surveillance Trapping  Traps collected daily or several times per week  Adult mosquitoes “speciated” (ID) & counted  Data logged and mapped

27. Mosquito Control Surveillance Techniques:  Larval/Pupal Stages –Inventory potential sites –Visually inspect when weather conditions permit –Dip cups –ID species on site –Record stage of development and number per dip –Data logged and mapped

28. Mosquito Control in the CDD

29. Mosquito Control in Celebration Why do you need mosquito control in CDD?

30. Mosquito Control in Celebration Osceola County MCD  BioMist 31 + 66 (permethrin)  Total of 8 applications  Rate 0.00148 lbs/ac  Treated CDD as one unit Clarke Mosquito Control  BioMist 4 + 4 (permethrin)  Total of 719 applications  Rate 0.00175 lbs/ac  Partitioned CDD into Treatment Zones Treatments Performed in CDD in 2008 Maximum Label Rate = 0.18 lbs/ac/yr Cannot exceed 102 applications/yr

31. Mosquito Control in Celebration  Osceola County MCD Applications in 2008 DateProductAI----- July 28BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Aug 11BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Aug 18BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Sept 4BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Sept 15BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Sept 24BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Oct 2BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO----- Oct 20BioMist 31+66Permethrin, PBO-----

32. Mosquito Control in Celebration Clarke Mosquito Control Applications  Used two products alternately –Anvil 10+10 (Sumethrin + PBO) –BioMist 4+4 (Permethrin + PBO)  Divide CDD into 9 Treatment Zones

33. Mosquito Control in Celebration

34.  Clarke Mosquito Control Applications in 2008 ZoneApps/ ZoneMiles/ ZoneAcres/ Zone Total Gal Used/ Zone 12618.9687.367.01 28914.1512.7169.81 5893.1112.736.89 79810.5381.8177.70 10895.620367.21 119610.4378.2172.78 12965.620393.11 14444145.4521.58 15927.4269.1117.63

35. Mosquito Control in Celebration Clarke ApplicationsOsceola Applications Zone App/ Zone App Rate Lbs/ Ac App/ Zone App RateLbs/ AcTotal Lbs 1260.001750.045580.001480.01180.0573 2890.001750.155880.001480.01180.1676 5890.001750.155880.001480.01180.1676 7980.001750.171580.001480.01180.1833* 10890.001750.155880.001480.01180.1676 11960.001750.168080.001480.01180.1798 12960.001750.168080.001480.01180.1798 14440.001750.077080.001480.01180.0888 15920.001750.161080.001480.01180.1728

36. Mosquito Control in Celebration Applications to Zone 7:  Maximum rate for permethrin applications is 0.180 lbs/ac/yr  Maximum rate for permethrin was exceeded by 1.7% –(0.0033lbs/ac ÷ 0.18 lbs/ac max label rate X 100%) –(0.0033 lbs/ac ≈ 1.5 grams (paperclip))  Maximum number of applications was exceeded (max number of applications is 102; 106 were made)  Exceeding maximum label rate and number due to lack of coordination between OMCD and CDD

37. Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 1. Coordinate applications in CDD with OMCD –OMCD downsized MC operations –Contracted with Clarke MC to handle applications –Ms. Sherry Burroughs appointed as Director of OMCD

38. Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 2. Train a member(s) of the CDD Board of Directors in MC –Assist/direct contractor spray missions –Act as liaison to OMCD –Act as liaison to CDD citizens –Publish information (monthly?) for CDD citizens (IPM)

39. Mosquito Control in Celebration Summary Recommendations for CDD 3. Develop standard treatment protocols agreeable to citizens of CDD –Develop standardized criteria for surveillance Landing rate counts Trapping (locations, numbers needed to treat) Mosquito identification (“speciate”) Monitor disease vectors

40. Discussion / Questions