1. Penn’s Innovations and the Global Poor Facilitating Access to Medicines in Developing Countries Universities Allied for Essential Medicines 22 Mar 2006

2. The access and research gaps Ten million people die needlessly each year because they do not have access to existing medicines and vaccines Countless others suffer from neglected tropical diseases for which there is little financial incentive for drug development Quick, World Health Organization 2005

3. Why do the access and research gaps exist?

4. Universities are major contributors to drug development A recent report found that 15 of the 21 drugs with the most therapeutic impact were derived from federally funded projects at academic centers Overall, universities are responsible for over half of the basic science research in the U.S. National Science Foundation 2004 Senate Joint Economic Committee 2000

5. Have other universities tried to address the access and research gaps? Harvard/MGH dual-market license for HIV diagnostics Yale, d4t, and access-minded licensing Emory and Gilead Access Program for the HIV drug emtricitabine Berkeley ‘Socially Responsible Licensing Initiative’ and Center for Neglected Diseases

6. Environment at Penn

7. UAEM at Penn Approach: self-education  collaboration  open dialogue

8. UAEM Proposals I Change in principles: adopting the statement that ‘improving global human welfare is the most important goal of university technology transfer’ Change in policies: Access-minded licensing provisions for biomedical innovations Promote research on neglected diseases and work with nontraditional partners that seek to develop medicines for those diseases

9. UAEM Proposals II The Equitable Access License Includes access provisions for any out-licensed biomedical innovation Works by engendering generic competition in developing countries Neglected-disease policies Facilitate researchers’ participation in public- private partnerships Proactively monitor university innovations for neglected-disease applicability Carve out a ‘research exemption’ for neglected diseases in licenses

10. Collective Action National rumblings AAAS report on ‘Humanitarian Licensing’ AUTM commitment through the Technology Managers for Global Health Leadership from a critical mass of elite research universities required Opportunity for Penn to elevate its reputation as a pioneer in global health

11. Summary Given: lack of access to effective medicines is a significant global health problem and Given: major research universities like Penn are important contributors to the development of effective medicines and Given: Penn has shown a commitment to leadership in global engagement

12. Question for Discussion How can Penn ensure access to its biomedical innovations for the global poor?