2. Skilled workforce = essential requirement for growth of economy. Training has, therefore, become increasingly important. Low Unemployment: oCreation of employment opportunities oDevelopment of skilled workforce oPlacement of workers in appropriate positions SDA promotes skills development strategy, which is flexible, accessible, demand-led, decentralized, and based on partnership between public and private sectors. Also provides for establishment of, i.a., bodies such as labour centres as well as learnerships and skills programs. Various provisions and legislation were applied since 1922 to ensure that certain categories of employees receive adequate theoretical and practical training. Latest amendment on 6/04/2009 with SDAA 37/2008.

3. Forms part of SA’s aims to reduce poverty, increase employment, improve international competitiveness, reduce crime and increase economic growth. Need for: oPractical skills Ability to perform set of tasks. oFoundational skills Understanding of what one does and why one does it. oReflexive skills Integrating performances to learn from mistakes. Vision of strategy: integrated skills development system promoting economic and employment growth and social development by focussing on education and training. Core strategy: creation of enabling environment for expanded strategic investment in skills development. Emphasis is on new skills and competence to support productivity and competitiveness and improve prospects for employment. Objectives of new Skills Development Strategy: oI.r.o. SA as a whole Facilitating general increase in skills profile of population; Increasing quality and quantity of intermediate skills; Facilitating applied competency levels and improvement of social and infra-structural delivery; Raising quality, relevance and cost- effectiveness of skills development. oI.r.o. the industry Facilitating more structured and targeted skills development; Increasing access to education and training; Increasing intermediate level skills within enterprises. oI.r.o. target groups Supporting groups to enter regular employment or to sustain micro- level income generating activities; Supporting the establishment of viable small and micro enterprises; Increasing access to entry-level education and training.

4. LRA was the first of four policy initiatives by Ministry of Labour. LRA: Bargaining- & Statutory Councils must develop educational schemes. Consult with WPF on education and training. SAQAA: Quality and access to education. BCEA: Employers and learners conclude contracts of employment. EEA: Development and training of designated groups.

5. Main purpose: Create institutional framework to implement strategies to develop skills. Workplace is active learning environment. Secondary purposes: oDevelopment of skills of SA workforce:  to improve quality of life of workers, their prospects of work and labour mobility.  to improve productivity in workplace and competitiveness of employers.  to promote self-employment.  to improve the delivery of social services. oTo increase investment in education and training in labour market. oTo encourage employers:  to use workplace as active learning environment.  to provide employees with opportunities to acquire new skills.  to provide opportunities for new entrants to labour market to gain work experience.  to employ persons who find it difficult to be employed. oTo encourage workers to participate in learning programmes. oTo improve employment prospects of persons previously disadvantaged by unfair discrimination and to redress those disadvantages through training and education. oTo ensure quality of learning in and for workplace. oTo assist work seekers to find work, retrenched workers to re-enter labour market and employers to find qualified employees. oTo provide and regulate employment services.

6. Components of system should be linked with each other and with strategy. NSA and DoL assists Minister in developing strategy. oNSA liaise with QCTO (Quality Council for Trades & Occupations) and SETA; SETA implements strategy by registering skills programmes, learning programmes and learnership agreements. oDoL assisted by provincial offices of DoL and labour centres. oOther bodies such as accredited trade test centres, skills development institutes, provincial skills development forums, national artisan moderation body and PSA (Productivity SA) also play a role.

7. Promotes strategic focus of skills development and co-ordination between different stakeholders. Replaces old National Training Board with stronger advisory powers (giving industry, community representatives and other government departments stronger voice). Composed of voting chairperson, non-voting executive officer, 24 voting and 6 non-voting members. Appointed by Minister and DG and represent organized business, organized labour, State, organizations of community development, training providers, SAQA, QCTO etc. Five deputy chairpersons also appointed. Functions: oAdvise Minister on national skills development policy, national skills development strategy, guidelines on implementation of the strategy, strategic framework and criteria for allocation of funds from the NSF and any regulations to be made. oLiaise with SETAs. oReport to Minister on progress made in implementation of national strategy. oConduct necessary investigations on any matter arising out of application of Act. oExercise powers and perform duties conferred/imposed on NSA by the Act.

8. Minister may establish SETA for any national economic sector. In determining specific sector, Minister must take into account the following: oEducation and training needs of employers and employees who use similar materials, processes and technologies and who make similar products or render similar services. oPotential of sector for coherent occupational structures and career pathing. oScope of any national strategy for economic growth and development. oOrganisational structures of trade unions etc. oConsensus on sectors between stakeholders. oFinancial and organizational ability. Minister must approve constitution of SETA, which must specify trade unions, employers’ organizations and government departments in sector, number of members, election of office-bearers, establishment and functioning of committees, code of conduct, appointment of executive officer and other personnel and for determination of any dispute. Employers and employees in sector must be equally represented on SETA. State departments, professional bodies and bargaining councils must also be represented. Chambers may also be established. Each chamber must have equal representation of employees and employers, must perform functions delegated to it and is entitled to percentage of skills development levies as determined by Minister.

9. Functions: oTo develop sector skills plan within framework of national strategy. oTo implement its plan. oTo establish and promote learning programmes and to register agreements for learning programmes. oTo approve workplace skills plans and annual training reports. oTo apply for accreditation as a body monitoring education and training standards and qualifications. oTo collect and disburse levies. oTo liaise with NSA on national policy and strategy and its sector skills plan. oTo report to DG on income and expenditure and implementation of its service level agreements. oTo liaise with provincial offices and labour centres of DoL and any other education bodies to improve information regarding placement opportunities. oTo liaise with provincial skills development forums on prescribed issues. oTo appoint necessary personnel. oTo perform any functions delegated to it by the QCTO.

10. May be established by SETA if such learnership is related to occupation, includes a structured learning component and structured work experience component and will lead to SAQA-qualification. Learnership agreement entered into between learner, employer/group of employers and accredited training provider. I.t.o. agreement: oEmployer must employ learner for period specified, provide him with specified practical work experience and allow him to attend specified education and training. oLearner must work for employer and attend specified education and training. oSkills development provider, accredited by QCTO must provide specified education and training and necessary support to learner. All learnership agreements must be registered with relevant SETA. Learnership agreement can be terminated before specified date if learner successfully completes learnership, if SETA approves of termination or if learner, as an employee, is fairly dismissed for incapacity/misconduct. Possible to substitute employer/skills development provider with consent of learner. Any dispute arising from learnership agreements must be dealt with through dispute resolution procedures set out in sect 133 of LRA. Employer and learner must enter into contract of employment if learner was not in employment of employer when learnership agreement was concluded.

11. Programme that is occupationally based and, when completed, will constitute a credit towards a qualification registered i.t.o. National Qualifications Framework. Any person who has developed skills programme may apply to SETA for grant or to DG for subsidy. Programme may be funded if all requirements have been complied with and if it has been developed in accordance with sector skills plan and national skills strategy. Programme will be monitored by SETA/DG, and funds may be withheld/recovered if not used for purpose they have been made available.

12. Functions of SDPU has been taken over by provincial offices and labour centres of DoL. Must research and analyse labour market trends to determine skills development for SA as a whole, each sector of the economy and organs of State. Must assist Minister and NSA in formulating national strategy and plans for sectors. Must advise Minister, NSA, SETAs, education and skills development providers, skills development forums, QCTO and organs of State on skills trends and future skills needs.

13. Functions of provincial offices i.r.o. employment services: oPlan, coordinate, support, monitor and report on activities at labour centres. oEstablish skills development forum. oMaintain data-base of skills development providers. oPerform any other delegated function. Functions of labour centres i.r.o. employment services: oProvide info to workers, employers and skills development providers and unemployed. oRegister work-seekers. oRegister placement opportunities. oAssist workers to enter learning programmes, to find employment, to start income-generating projects and to participate in placement programmes. oDevelop plans to extend services to rural communities. oPerform any other delegated function.

14. Artisan = Person certified as competent to perform listed trade. Refer to sect 26A-26D of SDAA. Provision is made for: oNational artisan moderation body Monitors performance of accredited artisan trade test centres, moderates artisan trade tests, maintain data-base of registered artisan trade assessors etc. oListing of trades Any occupation for which artisan qualification is required, may be listed in Gazette. oNational register of artisans DG must keep register of people with artisan qualification and who practices trade. oTrade tests No artisan qualification without completing such test.

15. Main functions include advisory services, mentoring and recognition of prior learning and providing learning programmes.

16. Advise Minister on policy on occupational standards and qualifications and regulations regarding occupational standards and qualifications. Functions: oEstablishes and maintains occupational standards and qualifications. oAssures quality of standards and qualifications and learning in workplace. oDesigns and develops occupational standards and qualifications and submits it to SAQA for registration on NQF. oPromote objectives of NQF. oLiaise with NSA on suitability and adequacy of standards.

17. Functions: oPromote culture of productivity in workplaces. oDevelop productivity competencies. oFacilitate and evaluate productivity improvement. oMeasure and evaluate productivity. oMaintain data-base of productivity and competitiveness systems. oResearch.

18. National Skills Fund (NSF) established by SDA. Derives funding from 20% of levies collected in relevant sectors, levies collected from those sectors in which there is no SETA, money appropriated by Parliament, interest earned on investments and any donations. NSF may only be approached for projects identified in national skills development strategy as national priorities or any other projects related to achievement of purpose of SDA. DG controls Fund. Every public service employer in national and provincial governments must budget for at least 1% of its payroll for training and education of employees.

19. Labour Court exclusive jurisdiction i.r.o. all matters arising from SDA. Monitoring and enforcement of SDA will be done in exactly same manner as BCEA. Number of offences are created in Act, e.g. obstruction/undue influence of any person performing function i.t.o. SDA.

20. Makes provision for compulsory levy scheme to fund education and training. Administered by DG and Commissioner for SARS. All employers who are not exempted from provisions of SDLA must register with Commissioner of SARS and pay prescribed monthly levy. Employers exempted from paying levies: oAny public service employer in national/provincial sphere of government. oAny employer whose total payroll for the next 12 months will not exceed R250000. oAny public benefit organization which solely carries on religious/charitable benefit activity or any public benefit organization which provides funds solely to such organization. oAny national/public entity if 80% or more of expenditure is defrayed from funds voted by Parliament. oAny municipality i.r.o. which certificate of exemption has been granted. Levy payable by employer is 1% of employer’s payroll (monthly). Leviable amount includes all remuneration paid to employers and all alternative remuneration. Pension, superannuation allowance or retiring allowance is excluded. Levies must be paid to Commissioner of SARS within 7 days after end of each month.

21. Regulations published by Minister make provision that employers who are up to date with payment of skills levy can claim grants from their SETA. The following are the six different grants which may be claimed by employer: oWorkplace skill grant. oWorkplace skill implementation grant. oGrant towards costs of learnerships and learner allowances. oGrant towards costs of skills programmes. oGrant towards costs of providing apprenticeship training. oGrant towards a programme, project or research activity that helps relevant SETA to implement sector skills plan.

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