1. EARLY PEOPLES AND CIVILIZATIONS
Human Origins in Africa
Humans Try to Control Nature
Civilization

2. VOCABULARY Artifact Civilization Culture Specialization
Paleolithic Age
Artisan
Neolithic Age
Institution
Nomad
Scribe
Hunter-Gatherer
Cuneiform
Slash and Burn Farming
Bronze Age
Neolithic Revolution
Barter
Domestication
Ziggurat

3. Scientists Discover Human Origins
Archaeologists search through the dirt and soil to find clues to the past.
Artifacts are found at dig sites and information about how the people who left them is gathered.
Anthropologists study cultures, how people lived and what was unique about each group.
Paleontologists study fossils and then they determine the time period in which the artifact was created.
The above scientists work together to find, date, and preserve evidence from ancient history.

4. STONE AGE
OLD STONE AGE
PALEOLITHIC AGE
NEW STONE AGE
NEOLITHIC AGE

5. PALEOLITHIC AGE Old Stone Age
From about 2.5 million yrs ago to 8,000 b.c.
Ice Age period
Oldest know chopping tools

6. Paleolithic Old Stone Age Prehistoric Hunter-gatherer Nomadic
Primitive tools
Cave art
Family groups – clans

7. NEOLITHIC AGE New Stone Age 8,000 b.c. to early 3,000 b.c.
Polished stone tools
Pottery
Crops
Raised Animals

8. Neolithic New Stone Age Neolithic (Agricultural) Revolution
Began 10,000 years ago
From hunter-gatherer to farming
Permanent dwellings
Villages –cities-civilizations
Irrigation-surplus-trade
Artisans became part of society
Need for cooperation among groups
Social class systems developed
Religion became organized
Neolithic

9. Neolithic Settlement-Jericho
Jericho (also called Tell es- Sultan) is the name of a tell (a mound or mount) situated on an ancient lake bed plain in what is known as the West Bank, Palestine. The city that the tell represents is one of oldest continuously occupied (more or less) locations on the planet.

10. Evolution of Homo sapiens

11. Homo Habilis
Tools
East Africa, 2.5 million yrs ago
Homo Erectus
Technology
East Africa, 1.6 million yrs ago
Homo Sapiens
Modern Humans
East Africa, 200,000 yrs ago

12. The hominids Australopithicus a. appeared in east Africa about 4
million to 1 million years ago
b. walked upright on two legs; well
developed hands
c. stone tools, fire later

13. The hominids, continued
Peopling of the World Human Origins ~ Scientific Discovery *Mary Leakey, archaeologist, in Tanzania, found footprints of earliest humans-1978

14. “LUCY” Discovered in 1974 Donald Johnson and his team Ethiopia
The unusually complete skeleton of and adult, female hominid
She had lived around 3.5 million years ago
The oldest hominid found to date

15. Australopithecus
LUCY

16. LUCY

17. Homo Erectus a. 2.5 million to 2 hundred thousand years
ago, east Africa
b. Large brain, sophisticated tools; definitely
knew how to control fire
c. Developed language skills in well-
coordinated hunts of large animals
d. Migrated to Asia and Europe

19. Homo Sapiens -evolved as early as two hundred thousand years ago
Brain with large frontal region for conscious and reflective thought.

20. Homo Sapiens
Neanderthals
Cro-Magnons

21. NEANDERTHALS

22. Were not distributed throughout world, mainly Europe and parts of Asia

23. CRO-MAGNONS
The first human beings of fully modern type; appeared forty thousand years ago
Homo sapiens, sapiens-modern man

24. TECHNOLOGY AND ART
Used stone, bone, and wood to fashion more than 100 different types of tools.
Paleolithic Art
Sympathetic Magic/Cave Paintings-effort to control the subject by capturing their spirits.
Neolithic Revolution
Early Farming
Domestication of Animals

25. Cave paintings found in France

27. Venus figures-small sculptures of women which represent love and/or fertility

28. Neolithic era and transition to agriculture
Neolithic era; new stone age; refined tools
and agriculture
a. About 12,000 – 6,000 years ago
b. Neolithic women began systematic cultivation of plants/crops
c. Neolithic men began domestication
of animals
d. Metallurgy-metal working
e. Egalitarian society-belief in human equality
f. Pastoralism-ranchers

29. Early agriculture around 9,000 B.C.E.
a. agriculture emerged independently in several parts of the world
b. merchants, migrants, and travelers spread food knowledge
c. slash and burn cultivation involved frequent movement of farmers
d. agriculture is more work than hunting/gathering but can provide a steady, large supply of food
e. land ownership creates social distinctions

30. Case Study-Catal Huyuk (located in present day Turkey)
One of the best known Neolithic settlements
Venus Figurine-usually found in burial sites.

31. CIVILIZATION Villages Grow Into Cities
Economic Changes
Social Changes

32. WHAT IS CIVILIZATION?
Advanced Cities
Specialized Workers
Complex Institutions
Record keeping
Advanced Technology

33. An Agricultural Economy City Life Trade Temples Religious Record
CASE STUDY-UR
An Agricultural Economy
City Life
Trade
Temples
Religious Record