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Formal Commands! Ten-Hut! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.
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Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!
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Commands in English… … and what they shouldn’t do: Don’t write in your books! Don’t speak English in Spanish class! Don’t be silly!
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Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.
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Let’s look at a few examples! Hable despacio, por favor. ¡Repita, por favor.! Hagan el ejercicio B. No hagan el ejercicio A. ¡No se levante Ud.! ¡No corran en la clase!
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Hable despacio, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO Drop the –o: HABL- “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE
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Repita, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO Drop the –o: REPIT- “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA
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Opposite vowels Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”: AR verbs add an –E. ER & IR verbs add an –A.
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Let’s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! ¡Coma Ud.! Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Escriba Ud.! Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Tome Ud.! Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! ¡Entregue la tarea! Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.
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Uds… Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.
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Let’s try a couple more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! ¡Coman Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Escriban Uds.! Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Tomen Uds.! Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! ¡Comiencen el examen! Note the spelling change because of the final –z.
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¡Levántese! What about reflexive verbs? ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. Levante + se Levanten + se
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¡No! How do we make negative commands in Spanish? ¡No fume! ¡No tome café! ¡No coma tanto! Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.
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¡No se levante! What about reflexive verbs? ¡No se levante! ¡No se siente! In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. No se levante. No se levanten. No se siente. No se sienten.
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Some irregulars What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from? ¡Sea Bueno! ¡Esté tranquilo! Sepa Ud. la respuesta. Den Uds. Un ejemplo, por favor. ¡Vaya a la clase.
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Sea, esté, dé, sepa, vaya These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: Ser > yo soy sea, sean Estar > yo estoy esté, estén Dar > yo doy dé, den Saber > yo sé sepa, sepan Ir > yo voy vaya, vayan The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.
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