1. Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformations
A. Waves involve a transfer of energy without a transfer of matter.
B. Water and sound waves transfer energy through a material.
C. Light waves can travel through a vacuum and through matter.
D. The Law of Conservation of Energy: energy is conserved as it transfers from one object to another and from one form to another.

2. Benchmark Number & Descriptor
SC.7.P.11.1
Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state.
SC.7.P.11.2
Investigate and describe the transformation of energy from one form to another.
SC.7.P.11.3
Cite evidence to explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
SC.7.P.11.4
Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature.
Benchmark Number & Descriptor

3. Temperature Measure of kinetic energy of molecules
Measured with a thermometer
3 Scales
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
F = Fahrenheit (used for weather)
Water boils at 212°F.
Water freezes at 323° F.
C = Celsius (used in science)
Water boils at 100°C.
Water freezes at 0°C.
K = Kelvin
(used in science)
Only scale that has absolute zero
Particles are said to have no movement at this temp.
Temperature

4. Thermal Energy A B Which beaker of water has more thermal energy? 80ºC*
07/16/96
The total energy of the particles in a material
Depends on temperature, mass, and type of substance
Which beaker of water has more thermal energy?
B - same temperature, more mass
200 mL
80ºC A
400 mL B
Thermal Energy *

5. HEAT is the transfer of energy from one object to another when the two things are at different temperatures and in some kind of contact.
Always transfers from hot to cold
Ex: Teapot heats on stove top
cup of tea cools down (loses energy as heat)
HEAT

6. Heat Transfer Heat is always transferred from hot to cold.*
07/16/96
Heat Transfer
Heat is always transferred from hot to cold.
Heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. *

7. KNOWLEDGE CHECK ____ is a measure of how quickly atoms are moving.
A ____ measures the temperature of matter.
The total amount of ____in an object is known as thermal energy.
Which object has more thermal energy: Cup of coffee at 80°F or a bathtub filled with coffee at 60°F?
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

8. TEMPERATURE is a measure of how quickly atoms are moving.
A THERMOMETER measures the temperature of matter.
The total amount of KINETIC ENERGY in an object is known as thermal energy.
Which object has more thermal energy: Cup of coffee at 80°F or a bathtub filled with coffee at 60°F?BATHTUB = more particles, more energy
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

9. TRANSFER of ENERGY

10. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY
Thermal energy is always moving all around you.
Thermal energy affects your life in very important ways.
Changes in weather, cooking your food, and heating your house are a few of the ways the transfer of thermal energy helps us.
TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY

11. Conduction
The transfer of heat by direct contact between objects or particles

12. Convection
Heat transferred by the movement of molecules within a substance
Movement occurs from warmer areas to cooler areas

13. Radiation Heat transferred through space in the form of waves
EXAMPLE: The sun’s rays causing a sunburn

14. Helping or Slowing the Flow of Energy
CONDUCTOR
INSULATOR
Conductors are materials that transfer heat easily.
Examples:
metals like copper and gold
An insulator is a material that does not transfer heat easily.
Examples:
liquids and gases
jacket
Helping or Slowing the Flow of Energy

15. What examples of thermal energy and thermal energy transfer can you see around you right now?
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

16. What examples of thermal energy and thermal energy transfer can you see around you right now?
Microwave, sun = radiation
Stove/pan, spoon in heated pot = conduction
Air currents = convection
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

17. MATTER and HEAT

18. MATTER and HEAT States of Matter Energy and Matter
SOLID = particles are close together, move slow (vibration)
LIQUID = particles spread apart, slide past each other
GAS = particles move fastest, move everywhere (spread out)
Solid = least amount of energy
Liquid = medium energy
Gas = most energy
Energy is related to particle movement.
MATTER and HEAT

19. PHASE CHANGE and ENERGY
Phase changes occur when an objects state of matter change.
In order for a change in phase to occur, energy must be either released or absorbed.
Solid -> Liquid
Melting
Energy is absorbed.
Liquid -> Solid
Freezing
Energy is released.
Liquid -> Gas
Vaporization
Gas -> Liquid
Condensation
Solid -> Gas
Sublimation
PHASE CHANGE and ENERGY

20. Identify whether energy needs to be absorbed or released in the following scenarios:
Ice cube melting
Boiling water
Dry ice placed in the air
Dew forming on grass
KNOWLEDGE CHECK

21. Identify whether energy needs to be absorbed or released in the following scenarios:
Ice cube melting Released
Boiling water Absorbed
Dry Ice placed in the air Absorbed
Dew forming on grass Released
KNOWLEDGE CHECK