1. Do Now: Complete the chart on your notes as completely as possible

2. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) TSE is a group of diseases caused by prions. A prion is a disease-causing protein. Common types of TSE: – “Mad Cow Disease” (BSE) – Scrapie – Kuru – Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

3. How Prions Cause disease This is a normal protein in your brain. It has important functions your brain needs

4. Same Protein, 2 Shapes Normal Protein Disease Protein (prion)

5. When Good Proteins Go Bad The prion changes the shape of the normal protein, making it defective and infectious.

6. So What About the Cow? Brain tissue of infected cow: spongiform

7. Transmission: Cannibalism Prions that cause disease are eaten, and then begin transforming proteins in the new victim. Mad cow disease can be transmitted to humans (200+ known cases) So how did cows get prions from other cows?

8. Rendering Factories Industrial animal production feeds animals the remains of dead animals.

9. “Downer” cattle: now outlawed as feed

10. Mmmm… Uncle Larry!

11. The Meatrix Industrial food production (CAFOs) have had major effects on human health, as demonstrated in this unit: – H1N1 influenza – BSE Other implications we have not considered that affect humans: – Pollution (12,000,000 tons of animal waste/day) – Antibiotic resistance (70% of all antibiotics fed to animals) – Animal welfare

12. But Before We Do DiseaseAgent / Organism Key characteristics Bubonic PlagueYersinia pestisKilled 40% of human population. Gram – bacteria. c.1350 Influenza H1N1Influenza virusNew strain contains swine, avian, and human genes. Normal viral life cycle AIDSHIVRetrovirus which inserts viral genes into host DNA. TuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis Infects lungs. Kills 2 million yearly. Some strains are antibiotic resistant AnthraxBacillus anthracisSpore forming Gram + bacteria. Easily weaponized, responisible for 2001 anthrax attacks Mad Cow Disease / TSEs Prion proteinsPrion disease which targets brain tissue.