2. Terrestrial Adaptations Apical meristems enable primary (vertical) growth

3. Terrestrial Adaptations

4. Vascular Tissue Terrestrial Adaptations

5. Roots Absorption Absorption Anchorage/Support Anchorage/Support Storage Storage

6. Stems ElevationVegetativeReproductive

7. Plant Tissues Dermal Dermal Vascular Vascular Ground Ground

8. Leaf Tissues

9. Alternation of Generations Both are multicellular

10. Review Put the following structures/stages in the order that they follow a zygote in a generic plant life cycle: Put the following structures/stages in the order that they follow a zygote in a generic plant life cycle: – Spore – Fertilization – Gamete – Meiosis – Sporophyte – Gametophyte

12. Mosses No cuticle No vascular system No seeds

13. Ferns Cuticle Vascular system No seeds

14. Gymnosperms Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from cones)

15. Angiosperms Cuticle Vascular system Seeds (from flowers)

16. MONOCOT EUDICOT

18. MEIOSIS MITOSIS POLLINATION FERTILIZATION GERMINATION Angiosperm Reproduction

19. Growth

20. Secondary Growth

21. Vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem Xylem Phloem VascularCambium

22. VASCULAR CAMBIUM OLDEST PHLOEM NEWEST PHLOEM OLDEST XYLEM NEWEST XYLEM XYLEM PHLOEM VASCULAR CAMBIUM

23. Secondary Growth

24. Transport Transpiration Capillary action Osmotic pressure Translocation of phloem sap

25. Transport Routes Apoplastic Symplastic Endodermis Casparian Strip

26. Transport Phloem Source  Sink Spring Roots  Meristems Roots  MeristemsSummer Leaves  Flowers, fruits, roots Leaves  Flowers, fruits, roots

27. Gibberellins Stem elongation Stem elongation Fruit development Fruit development

28. Abscisic Acid Inhibits germination Inhibits germination – May be broken down by water, heat, or cold

29. Ethylene Triple response to stress 1.Slower elongation 2.Thickening 3.Horizontal curvature

30. Ethylene Apoptosis – – Programmed cell death – – Leaf abscission Fruit ripening – – Cellulose/starch hydrolysis

31. Rapid Leaf Movements Active transport of ions Active transport of ions Water follows by osmosis Water follows by osmosis