1. ESDP civilian crisis management missions

2. ESDP civilian operations
EU Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (EUPOL Kinshasa)
Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) 
EU Rule of Law Mission in Georgia (Eujust Themis)
EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) 
EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (EUPAT) 
EU Police Mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUPM)
EUPOL RD CONGO
EU Police Mission in Afghanistan (EUPOL AFGHANISTAN)
EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (Eujust Lex) 
EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (EU BAM Rafah) 
EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (EUPOL COPPS)
European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) in Georgia 
European Union rule of law mission in Kosovo (EULEX KOSOVO)

3. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) 
Background
The Ohrid Framework Agreement:
- setting up a framework for domestic reforms (constitutional amendments, legislative changes and structural reform), including in JHA
- It paved the way to closer and more integrated relations with the Euro-Atlantic community; it provided the international community with a mandate to organise assistance in the areas of equal representation of minorities in the police force and technical assistance for structural change in the public security institutions
SAA singed on 9 April 2001; objectives in JHA
- assisting FYROM improve internal security through developing of the police service
- support regional security by developing a functional border control service and strengthening its ability to fight organised crime
- a European Agency for Reconstruction in Skopje to manage the EC’s policies, related to the SAP and funded under CARDS

4. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) 
Context/ the EU and other organisations and MSs in the peace support effort in the area of JHA
The European Commission (EC) assisting the long-term structural changes in the MoI and the police
- PHARE programme support of the judicial sector through the provision of technical assistance and equipment
- ECJHAT ( )- secondment of experts from the MSs with the Macedonian MiO to assist development of key strategic documents for police reform
- ECPRP- a resident MSs advisory team to guide the implementation of the police reform process
- EC undertook evaluation of the state of JHA sectors in the entire region
EUMM- unarmed civilian observers, reforms developments, border and inter-ethnic issues
Other actors on the scene
OSCE: training programmes, Community Advisory Groups, Train the Trainers with the Police Academy, Policy Professional Standards Unit (MoI)
EU MSs- France (special tasks police) and the UK (Criminal intelligence capability, community policing)
Local NGOs
Concordia

5. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima)- framework and objectives 
Political control and strategic direction of the operation
The Council on the objectives and termination of the operation, assisted by the HR/SG
PSC- exercises political control and strategic direction under the responsibility of the Council/ power to amend the operational plan, the chain of command and the rules of engagement / reports to the Council at regular intervals
Police Head of Mission/ Police Commissioner- reports to the PSC regarding the conduct of the mission at regular intervals/ reports to the HR/SG through the EUSR in FYROM
HR/SG gives guidance to the Head of Mission/ Police Commissioner through the EUSR
Operational level
Police Head of Mission/ Police Commissioner lead Proxima and assumed its day-to-day management
EUSR’s political advisor provides the Head of Mission with advise on political affairs in FYROM and assists in defining the mission’s strategic approach

6. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) 
Developments objectives and mandate
- Macedonian authorities request
- Joint EC and Council GS fact-finding mission
- Two-month planning period
Mandate
- Enabling Macedonian government to consolidate law and order
- Supporting the practical implementation of the MoI reform
- Building confidence with local populations
- Enabling cooperation with neighboring countries
Format
- 200 personnel (police officers and civilian experts), seconded from the MSs; placed with MoI to develop two key strategic documents (National Police Strategy and the Integrated Border Management Strategy) and placed with police stations at different levels to mentor, monitor and advice middle and senior management police officers
- The mandate was translated into 28 programmes, covering all areas of policing (criminal police, counter intelligence, internal control, border-crossing points and international airports)
- Law enforcement monitors: cooperation b/n all bodies of the criminal justice system: the police, the public Prosecutor’s Office, investigative officers and internal control office

7. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) 
Extension of the mission
Mid-term review (June 2004)- the mission after the extension of its mandate needed to be more focused on urgent operational needs
The number of staff and programmes was reduced to cover:
- Public peace and order
- Organised crime
- Border police
The Operation extended its geographical coverage to a country-wide deployment
A Benchmarking system was introduced, setting clear project aims, milestones and a timeframe. Specific timeslines were developed and monitored on a weekly basis; an Analysis Cell was established and tasked with the mission evaluation (talk about a generic benchmarking model
The relation with the Macedonian authorities
1st year: ad hoc activities in the field offices in agreement with the Chief of Police
2nd year: the mission was tackling specific project that needed ex ante authorisation by the MoI

8. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) - analysis
The EU inter-institutional coherence/ ‘duel track’ approach
the community and intergovernmental instruments: weekly informal meetings led by the EUSR
at operational level: EUSR ensures coherence of the EU approach; the EUSR’s political advisor provides the HoM with political advise on the political affairs in FYROM
interinstitutional tensions over competences in external affairs and recruiting of police officers
contacts with the Macedonian government
Linking national and institutional initiatives
Multilateral environment: regular meetings of the Heads of the main international actors on the ground, chaired by the EUSR

9. EU Police Mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Proxima) - analysis
Proxima’s benchmarking plan
The broad mandate of the operation
The ‘short-term’ problem