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GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
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CA State Soil Fine, mixed, active, thermic Abruptic Durixeralfs San Joaquin Series
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Smectite Soil NE Montana VertisolHawaiian Oxisol Iron and Al-oxide Rich A Tour of Soil Types
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Soils of the Mid-West Mollisol
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Soils of the Everglades Spodosol
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Soils of the North East and North West Spodosol
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Soils of the Tropics Oxisol
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Soils from Wetlands Histosol
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Soils from Recent Landscapes Inceptisol
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Soils Near Recent Volcanic Activity Andisols
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Course Objectives To comprehend the physical, chemical, and biological processes functioning within soils To define factors influencing elemental (contaminant and nutrient) cycling within terrestrial ecosystems To obtain an appreciation for soils as dynamic, non- renewable natural resources To learn the appropriate use of the terms “soil” and “dirt”
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Perceptions of Soil Agriculture Environment Science
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Soil Development
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? Soil Profile Development
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The Beginning
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n Soil Profile Development contains characteristic layers called horizons Bedrock A E B C Bedrock soil development
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Soil Forming Factors Time Parent Material Climate Biota Topography Time Parent Material Climate Biota Topography
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What Defines a Soil? The difference between “Soil” and “Dirt”? “ dynamic natural bodies having properties derived from the combined effects of climate and biotic activities, as modified by topography, acting on parent material over periods of time”
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Soil is a living entity that is continually undergoing development; dirt is stagnant remnants of organic and mineral matter Soil Ecosystem
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SOIL COMPONENTS
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Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume)
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Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume)
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Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume) * for optimum plant growth
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Soil Organisms
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Soil Minerals
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Soil Chemistry
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Soil Color Originates from the Molecular Framework
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Unique and Important Properties of Soils
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Fine, mixed, active, thermic Abruptic Durixeralfs Soil : Natures Filter and Storage Bank
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Fertilizer H2OH2O Retention within Soils Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium... * Soils act as a storage bank for plant nutrients * retain water * filter contaminants
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Cr H2OH2O Retention within Soils Cr
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Consequences of Misuse
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Transformation of Waterbodies
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Acid Mine Drainage
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Result of Acid Mine Drainage
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